respiration (paper 1)

Question 1

define respiration

Answer 1

process of transferring energy from glucose to other molecules

Question 2

purpose of respiration?

Answer 2

to release energy

Question 3

list the 3 things organisms need energy for

Answer 3

• chemical reactions to build larger molecules from smaller ones
• in animals, to enable muscles to contract i.e for movement
• in mammals and birds to maintain a steady body temperature in colder surroundings

Question 4

where does anaerobic respiration take place?

Answer 4

mitochondria

Question 5

when does anaerobic respiration occur?

Answer 5

when there’s insufficient oxygen available to meet the oxygen demand

Question 6

list 4 ways in which anaerobic respiration is different from aerobic respiration

Answer 6

• less energy is released by anaerobic respiration
• no oxygen is used in anaerobic respiration
• lactic acid is formed as a waste product in anaerobic respiration
• no CO2 is produced in anaerobic respiration

Question 7

when does muscle fatigue occur?

Answer 7

when lactic acid builds up in the muscles as a result of an oxygen debt

Question 8

what must muscles carry out to work efficiently?

Answer 8

aerobic respiration

Question 9

name of process of anaerobic respiration in yeast cells

Answer 9

fermentation

Question 10

list the 2 ways fermentation can be used in manufacturing

Answer 10

bread making - bubbles of CO2 get trapped in dough and cause it to rise

alcoholic drinks - ethanol makes wine and beer alcoholic

Question 11

what is metabolism?

Answer 11

sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body

Question 12

name the type of reaction where energy is transferred to the environment

Answer 12

exothermic

Question 13

3 examples of how a gull uses there energy transferred by respiration

Answer 13

build larger molecules
efficient contraction of muscles
maintains steady body temperature

Question 14

some metabolic reactions involve using glucose molecules to make other molecules. name a molecule made from glucose in plants, and a molecule made from. glucose in animals

Answer 14

plants: cellulose
animals: lactic acids

Question 15

describe the components of a lipid molecule

Answer 15

3 fatty acids
1 glycerol

Question 16

metabolism also involves breaking down molecules. what is excess protein broken down to produce?

Answer 16

urea

Question 17

define active transport

Answer 17

when molecules are moving from an area of lower concentration to a higher concentration against the concentration gradient using energy

Question 18

give 2 changes in the body that help to increase the amount of oxygen delivered to the working muscles during exercise

Answer 18

increased breathing rate
increased depth of breathing

Question 19

product of anaerobic respiration in muscles

Answer 19

lactic acid only

Question 20

part of plant that contains chlorophyll

Answer 20

chloroplast

Question 21

state 2 types of specialised cell that contain chlorophyll

Answer 21

palisade mesophyll layer
spongey mesophyll layer