health and disease

Question 1

define health

Answer 1

state of physical and mental wellbeing

Question 2

define a non-communicable disease

Answer 2

medical condition or disease that is not caused by infectious agents

Question 3

define a communicable disease

Answer 3

infectious disease which can be transmitted from person to person

Question 4

list the 2 ways in how communicable diseases transmit from person to person

Answer 4

direct contact
individual discharges e.g. via droplets

Question 5

list 4 ways how the spread of diseases be reduced or prevented

Answer 5

simple hygiene measures
destroying vectors
isolation of infected individuals
vaccination

Question 6

what is a casual mechanism?

Answer 6

one risk factor that may be partly responsible for a disease

Question 7

list 3 risk factors

Answer 7

persons lifestyle
specific chemicals within someones body
persons environment

Question 8

type 2 diabetes risk factor examples (2)

Answer 8

overweight
smoking

Question 9

obesity risk factor examples (2)

Answer 9

bad diet
high calorie intake

Question 10

coronary risk factor examples (3)

Answer 10

smoking
diabetes
obesity

Question 11

fetal alcohol syndrome risk factor examples (1)

Answer 11

too much alcohol

Question 12

liver failure risk factor examples (1)

Answer 12

drinking alcohol

Question 13

lung cancer risk factor examples (2)

Answer 13

smoking
age

Question 14

Bronchitis and emphysema risk factor examples (2)

Answer 14

smoking
exposure to dust + air

Question 15

what is cancer an example of?

Answer 15

non-communicable disease

Question 16

cancer risk factor examples (4)

Answer 16

smoking
obesity
common viruses
UV exposure

Question 17

define the term pathogens

Answer 17

microorganisms that cause infectious disease

Question 18

list the 2 ways in which pathogens can spread

Answer 18

direct contact
carried by vectors

Question 19

define vectors

Answer 19

animals that pass pathogens from one person to another

Question 20

4 signs/symptoms of salmonella

Answer 20

fever
stomach cramps
vomiting
diarrhoea

Question 21

2 signs/symptoms of gonorrhoea

Answer 21

green yellow or white discharge from penis
pain/ burning sensation when urinating

Question 22

treatment for gonorrhoea

Answer 22

antibiotics

Question 23

1 way in which HIV is spread

Answer 23

sexual contact

Question 24

6 symptoms of malaria

Answer 24

fever
sweats and chills
headaches
vomiting
muscle pains
diarrhoea

Question 25

name 5 types of cancer

Answer 25

skin
lung
liver
pancreatic
breast

Question 26

what is a tumour

Answer 26

a mass of abnormal cells

Question 27

how do tumours form

Answer 27

cell division becomes uncontrolled

Question 28

name the 2 types of tumour

Answer 28

benign
malignant

Question 29

explain how a secondary tumour forms

Answer 29

By breaking off the cell, entering the lymphatic vessels or bloodstream, and traveling to another part of the body to divide uncontrollably

Question 30

suggest 2 reasons why non-communicable diseases can be financially responsible

Answer 30

cost of research
cost of treatment

Question 31

list 5 diseases caused by bacteria

Answer 31

tuberculosis
cholera
salmonella
gonorrhoea
pneumonia

Question 32

explain why it is necessary to vaccinate poultry

Answer 32

• prevents spread of disease in poultry
  meaning that the poultry that humans eat wont be contaminated with the salmonella bacteria

Question 33

name the antibiotic that was originally used to treat people with gonorrhoea

Answer 33

penicillin

Question 34

what type of pathogens cause measles?

Answer 34

measles virus

Question 35

list 4 symptoms of measles

Answer 35

red watery eyes
rash
high fever
runny nose

Question 36

3 ways measles can be prevented

Answer 36

MMR vaccination
wash hands
stay at home

Question 37

3 ways in HIV is transmitted

Answer 37

sexual intercourse
breastmilk
sharing needles

Question 38

4 ways measles can be treated

Answer 38

getting rest
hydration
vitamins
taking ibuprofen