hormonal co-ordination in animals (paper 1)

Question 1

what 2 hormones does the pancreas produce?

Answer 1

• insulin
• glucagon

Question 2

what happens when glucose levels are too high?

Answer 2

• insulin is secreted by the pancreas
• liver converts glucose into glycogen which is stored in liver and skeletal muscles
• glucose levels then go down as glucose is removed from blood

Question 3

what happens when glucose levels are too low

Answer 3

• glucagon is secreted by pancreas
• liver converts glycogen into glucose
• glucose level rises as glucose is released in to the blood from the liver cells

Question 4

hypotonic definition

Answer 4

higher water potential on the outside of the solution

Question 5

hypertonic definition

Answer 5

higher water potential in inside of the solution

Question 6

define endocrine gland

Answer 6

organ that produces + secretes specialised chemical messenger molecules called hormones

Question 7

explain the role of ADH in the production of concentrated urine (4 marks)

Answer 7

• when wart content of blood plasma is too low it is detected by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus
• the pituitary gland will then secrete more ADH
• ADH increases the permeability of the tubules
• more water is re-absorbed into the blood plasma by osmosis down the water potential gradient

Question 8

what do thyroids make?

Answer 8

thyroxin

Question 9

thyroxin function

Answer 9

regulates rate of metabolism

Question 10

what do the adrenal glands make?

Answer 10

adrenaline

Question 11

what does the testes make?

Answer 11

testosterone in males

Question 12

pituitary gland function (3)

Answer 12

makes many hormones
controls growth
controls water balance

Question 13

why is glucose needed?

Answer 13

needed by cells for respiration

Question 14

hypotonic definition

Answer 14

higher water potential on the outside of the solution

Question 15

hypertonic definition

Answer 15

higher water potential in the inside of the solution

Question 16

excretion function

Answer 16

gets rid of metabolic waste

Question 17

egestion function

Answer 17

gets rid of undigested organic waste

Question 18

let 4 disadvantages of dialysis

Answer 18

time consuming
blood clots
infection
very expensive

Question 19

list 3 disadvantages of kidney transplant

Answer 19

small risk something will go wrong
infection
anti-suppressant drugs

Question 20

3 ways kidney damage can occur

Answer 20

kidney infection
genetic disease
road traffic accident

Question 21

doctrine gland definition

Answer 21

organ that produces + secretes specialised chemical messenger molecules called hormones

Question 22

cause of type 1 diabetes

Answer 22

pancreas not working

Question 23

cause of type 2 diabetes

Answer 23

resistant to own insulin

Question 24

ureter function

Answer 24

transports urine to the bladder

Question 25

kidney function

Answer 25

regulates water + salt content and removes urea

Question 26

renal artery function

Answer 26

transports oxygenated blood

Question 27

urethra function

Answer 27

where urine gets excreted

Question 28

bladder function

Answer 28

stores the urine and expels it through the urethra

Question 29

renal vein function

Answer 29

purified blood returns to the renal vein and to the heart through the vena cava

Question 30

sphincter muscles function

Answer 30

contracts/relaxes to control the movement of the urine from the bladder to the urethra

Question 31

which 2 substances leave the body by sweating

Answer 31

ions
urea

Question 32

explains why urea is formed

Answer 32

During the breakdown of amino acids in the liver, ammonia is converted into urea which is then excreted in urine.

Question 33

why might a person need to use a dialysis machine?

Answer 33

kidney failure

Question 34

suggest why proteins can’t pass through the partially permeable membrane

Answer 34

too big

Question 35

name 2 substances that should be present in the dialysis fluid

Answer 35

water
urea

Question 36

vagina function

Answer 36

muscular tube leading cervix to outside of body

Question 37

ovary function (2)

Answer 37

contains hundreds of undeveloped egg cells
every month egg cell matures then released

Question 38

uterus function

Answer 38

where baby develops during pregnancy

Question 39

penis function

Answer 39

allows urine + semen to pass out the body

Question 40

testis function

Answer 40

produces sperm cells+ releases male sex hormone

Question 41

scrotum function

Answer 41

bag of skin that contains testes

Question 42

sperm duct function

Answer 42

carries sperm cells from testes top urethra