Respiration, Diet and Biological Molecules Flashcards

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1
Q

Write a word equation for aerobic respiration

A

Glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water

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2
Q

Write a balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O

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3
Q

Write a word equation for anaerobic respiration in mammals

A

Glucose —> lactic acid

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4
Q

Write a word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and fungi

A

Glucose –> Ethanol + carbon dioxide

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5
Q

What is the role of ATP in respiration?

A

It is produced to provide energy for cells

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6
Q

Compare the ATP produced in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration

A

More ATP produced in aerobic than in anaerobic respiration

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7
Q

Aside from chemical energy (ATP), in what other form is energy lost in respiration

A

Heat energy

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8
Q

Identify the chemical elements present in carbohydrates, proteins and lipids

A

Carbohydrates and Lipids both contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen; proteins contain nitrogen in addition to C, H and O

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9
Q

Give five examples of carbohydrate molecules

A

Glucose, starch, sucrose, cellulose, glycogen etc.

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10
Q

State the basic subunits of proteins

A

Amino acids

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11
Q

State the basic subunits of lipids

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

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12
Q

State the chemical used to test for starch and give the positive result

A

Iodine; turns brown –> blue-black

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13
Q

State the chemical used to test for protein and give the positive result

A

Biuret; turns blue –> purple

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14
Q

Describe the chemical test for lipids and give the positive result

A

Dissolve sample in ethanol and add cold water; lipids present if a cloudy, white emulsion appears

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15
Q

Describe the chemical test for glucose and give the positive result

A

Add Benedict’s solution to sample and HEAT in a boiling water bath; if glucose present, turns blue –> brick red (green, orange intermediate colours)

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16
Q

Define the term balanced diet

A

Appropriate proportions of carbohydrate, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, water and dietary fibre

17
Q

Give two examples (for each nutrient) of foods high in carbohydrate, protein and lipid

A

Carbohydrates: pasta, rice, potato etc.; Proteins: meat, fish etc.; Lipids: butter, cheese, milk, oils etc.

18
Q

Describe the functions of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids

A

Carbohydrates: respired to release energy; proteins: used in growth and repair; lipids: insulation and as a high energy source

19
Q

State a source of each of vitamins A, C and D

A

Vit A: carrots, sweet potato; Vit C: citrus fruits; Vit D: sunlight, fish, liver

20
Q

Suggest a consequence of low fibre in the diet

A

Constipation

21
Q

Suggest a consequence of low vitamin C in the diet

A

Scurvy

22
Q

Suggest a consequence of low iron in the diet

A

Anaemia

23
Q

Suggest a consequence of low calcium in the diet

A

Poor bone and teeth development

24
Q

State two sources of iron in the diet

A

Red meat, spinach.

25
Q

State three factors that affect energy requirements of individuals

A

Age, pregnancy, activity levels