Hormones and Homeostasis Flashcards

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1
Q

Define the term hormone; give two examples

A

A chemical messenger that moves to target organs in the blood plasma, e.g. adrenaline, ADH, oestrogen, testosterone, FSH, LH etc.

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2
Q

Describe the role of insulin after a meal

A

Insulin released from pancreas; stimulates conversion of glucose to glycogen (stored in muscle/liver); blood sugar level decreases

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3
Q

Describe the role of adrenaline in the body

A

Released from adrenal glands; increases heart rate and breathing rate; stimulates conversion of glycogen to glucose; diverts blood flow to muscles and away from digestive system; dilates pupils; increases clarity of thinking etc.

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4
Q

Describe the role of testosterone

A

Released from testes; stimulates development of secondary sexual characteristics in males

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5
Q

Describe the role of oestrogen

A

Released from ovaries; stimulates development of secondary sexual characteristics in females; repairs uterus lining after menstruation

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6
Q

Describe the role of progesterone

A

Released from ovaries; maintains lining of uterus during pregnancy

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7
Q

What common structure releases ADH, FSH and LH?

A

Pituitary gland

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8
Q

Define the term homeostasis

A

Maintenance of a constant internal environment

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9
Q

Give two examples of homeostasis in the human body

A

Control of body water levels, control of core body temperature, control of blood glucose levels

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10
Q

Describe what is meant by the term vasodilation

A

Arterioles near the surface of the skin widen; more blood flows near the surface of the skin; more heat lost by radiation

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11
Q

Describe what is meant by the term vasoconstriction

A

Arterioles near the surface of the skin narrow; less blood flows near the surface of the skin; less heat lost by radiation

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12
Q

Describe two ways, other than vasodilation, that cool the body down when too hot

A

Sweating (evaporation of water from surface of skin); hairs lie flat (less heat trapped)

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13
Q

Describe two ways, other than vasoconstriction, that keep the body warm when too cold

A

Shivering (rapid muscle contractions to release heat by respiration); hairs stand on end (trap more heat)

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14
Q

What part of the brain detects changes in body temperature and water levels?

A

Hypothalamus

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