Respiration, Diet and Biological Molecules Flashcards
State the word equation for aerobic respiration
Glucose + Oxygen –> Carbon Dioxide + Water
State a balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration
C6H1206 +602 –>6C02 +6H20
State the word equation for anaerobic respiration in mammals
Glucose –> Lactic Acid
State the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and fungi
Glucose –> Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide
What is the role of ATP in respiration?
It is produced to provide energy for cells
Compare the ATP produced in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration
More ATP is produced in aerobic than in anaerobic respiration
Aside from chemical energy (ATP) in what other form is energy lost in respiration?
Heat energry
Identify the chemical elements present in carbohydrates, proteins and lipids
Carbohydrates and Lipids both contain CHO (carbon, hydrogen and oxygen).
Proteins contain CHON (same elements as above + nitrogen)
Give 5 examples of carbohydrate molecules
Glucose, starch, sucrose, cellulose and glycogen
State the basic subunit of proteins
Amino acids
State the chemical used to test for starch. Give the positive result.
Iodine Solution (Brown)
Positive Result: Blue-Black
State the basic subunits of lipids
Glycerol and fatty acids
State the chemical used to test for protein and give the positive result
Biuret (Blue)
Positive Result: Purple
Describe the chemical test for lipids and give the positive result
Dissolve sample in ethanol and add cold water,
Positive result: cloudy white emulsion appears
Describe the chemical test for glucose and give the positive result
Add Benedict’s solution (blue) to sample and heat in a water bath (75 degrees c)
Positive result: brick red (green, orange intermediate colours)
Define the term balance diet
Appropriate proportions of nutrients: carbohydrate, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, water and dietary fibre
Give two examples for each nutrient for: carbohydrates, proteins and lipids
Carbohydrates: Pasta, Rice, Potatoes
Proteins: Meat, Fish
Lipids: Butter, cheese, milk,
Describe the functions of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids
Carbohydrates: respired to release energy
Proteins: growth and repair
Lipids: insulation and high energy source
State a source of each vitamin - A, C and D
Vitamin A: carrots and sweet potato
Vitamin C: citrus fruits
Vitamin D: sunlight, fish, liver
Suggest a consequence of low fibre in a diet
constipation
Suggest a consequence of low vitamin C in the diet
Scurvy
Suggest a consequence of low iron in the diet
Anaemia (less haemoglobin so fewer red blood cells)
Suggest a consequence of low calcium in the diet
Poor bone and teeth development
State two sources of iron in the diet
Red meat and spinach
State three factors that affect energy requirements of individuals
Age
Pregnancy
Activity Levels
