Plant Responses and Plant Transport Flashcards

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1
Q

Plant shoots grow towards light. Name this response and describe its purpose.

A

Positive phototropism (allows plants to obtain more light for photosynthesis)

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2
Q

Plant roots grow towards gravity. Name this response and describe its role.

A

Positive geotropism (allows plant greater anchorage in soil and more access to mineral ions/water in the soil)

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3
Q

Plant shoots grow away from gravity. Name this response.

A

Negative geotropism

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4
Q

Describe how germinating seeds left in the dark will grow

A

They will grow directly upwards in a desperate attempt to seek light. They will be tall and spindly.

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5
Q

What hormone allows plant shoots to bend towards the light?

A

Auxin

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6
Q

Describe the role of phloem

A

Transporting sucrose and amino acids between the leaves and other parts of the plant

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7
Q

Describe the role of the xylem

A

Transport of water and mineral ions from the roots to the other parts of the plant

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8
Q

Describe how water is absorbed by root hair cells

A

Water enters by osmosis from a region of higher water concentration (soil) to a region of lower concentration (cell cytoplasm) across a partially permeable membrane (cell membrane of root hair cell)

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9
Q

Describe how mineral ions are absorbed by root hair cells

A

By active transport - against the concentration gradient using ATP from respiration

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10
Q

Describe how water is pulled towards the leaves from the roots

A

The transpiration stream/pull - water enters at roots and leaves via stomata (transpiration - water here is a waste product of aerobic respiration).

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11
Q

Define transpiration

A

The evaporation of water from the surface of a plant

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12
Q

State 3 factors that affect the rate of transpiration

A

Humidity
Wind Speed
Temperature
Light Intensity

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13
Q

What apparatus can be used to measure the effects of different environmental conditions on the rate of transpiration?

A

Potometer

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14
Q

Describe how a root hair cell is adapted for absorption

A

Long finger-like projections to increase the surface area for absorption

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15
Q

Suggest why a root hair cell contains no chloroplasts

A

Underground in the roots (no access to light) so no photosynthesis can take place

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