Respiration and Metabolism Flashcards
What is breathing?
Breathing is a mechanical process which involves the lungs to exchange gases between the lung surface and the blood.
What does respiration involve?
Transferring energy from GLUCOSE to the living cell.
How does oxygen enter the blood in breathing?
By diffusion where it combines with haemoglobin in the red blood cells. The red blood cells then transport oxygen to the tissues and cells.
How are both respiration and breathing linked?
You cant have one without the other so you cant have aerobic respiration with breathing. However anaerobic respiration is without oxygen.
What are the seven life processess?
Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition
What type of process is respiration?
Exothermic process as it releases or gives out energy(heat).
What are the three uses of energy released from respiration?
METABOLISM
MOVEMENT
FOR MAMMALS AND BIRDS NEEDING TO MAINTAIN A CONSTANT BODY TEMPERATURE.
What are the two types of metabolism?
CATABOLISM-When a large molecule is broken down into smaller ones.(eg proteins to amino acids, fats to fatty acids and glycerol, and glycogen turns into glucose)
ANABOLISM-When a large molecule is made from smaller molecules.(eg amino acids to hormonal protein, and excess glucose to glycogen)
What is metabolism?
Metabolism are all chemical reactions that are taking place in the body cells.
How is the energy used for movement in respiration?
Muscles need energy when they contract bones are attached to muscles by tendons.
When a muscle contracts it pulls the bone enabling you to move.
Also allows animals to catch prey and avoids some other animals to be caught by predators.
What are the two types of respiration and what are the word equations for both?
AERBOIC :
Glucose + Oxygen —> Carbon dioxide + Water (+Energy)
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy released
Breathing in —-> Breathing out
ANAEROBIC:
Glucose —-> Lactic acid (+Energy)
Where does aerobic respiration occur?
Mitochondria.
Which molecule is energy stored in?
ATP(Adenosine Triphosphate)
What does anaerobic respiration do with energy?
It provides a burst of energy to the organism when oxygen cant get to the muscle tissues fast enough
What is the use of lactic acid?
Lactic acid builds up in the muscle and causes pain, muscle fatigue and stops muscles contracting properly.
Equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast(fermentation)?
Glucose —> Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide (+energy)
C6H12O6—> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
What is ethanol used to make?
Alcoholic drinks
What is OXYGEN DEBT
When you exercise and the muscle cells respire anaerobically then oxygen debt builds up. Oxygen debt is the amount of oxygen the muscles should have got if they were respiring aerobically.
How is the oxygen debt repaid?
After the exercise has stopped by heavy breathing which means your heart rate stays high for 10-15 mins.
What are the three uses of glucose in plants
Cellulose production- strengthens the plant cell wall
Starch production-Storage form of glucose
Amino acids-Used to synthesise proteins
Use of glucose in animals?
Glycogen which stores glucose.
Where are lipid molecules found?
Cell membrane
What is aerobic respiration?
When oxygen is used to oxidise glucose so energy can be released from it
What is anaerobic respiration?
Anaerobic respiration is respiration in the absence of oxygen.
