Human body and food tests Flashcards
What drug makes smoking very addictive?
Nicotine.
What can nicotine do that affects your human body?
It stain teeth
It can also harm your heart and narrows blood vessels.
This would eventually lead to heart attacks and strokes
What is tar?
Tar is a dark brown sticky substance which collects in the lungs as the smoke cools.
What is a carcinogen?
Carcinogens are substances that may increase your risk of cancer.
Where can tar be breathed into?
Throat
larynx
trachea
What are proteins made up from?
Amino acids
What are carbs made from?
Units of sugar.
How to prepare a food sample?
1Get a piece of food and break it up using a pestle and mortar
2 Transfer the ground up food to a beaker and add some distilled water
3 Give the mixture a good stir with a glass rod to dissolve some of the food.
4 Filter the solution using a filter funnel
What do you use to test for reducing sugars?
Benedicts solution
Method for testing for proteins
1Prepare a sample of your food and transfer 2cm cubed to a test tube.
2 Add 2 cm cubed of Buirert solution(sodium hydroxide+copper sulfate) to the sample and mix the content of the fuse by shaking it.
3 If the food sample contains protein the solution will change from BLUE to PINK or PURPLE.
Benedicts test?
1 Prepare a food sample and transfer 5 cm cubed to test tube
2 Prepare a water bath so it is set to 75 degrees celsius
3 Add some benedicts solution to the tube (about 10 drops)
4 Place the test tube in water bath using a test tube holder and leave for 5 minutes
5 If the food sample turns from normal blue to green yellow and then brick red it contains carbs
Test for Starch
1 Add a few drops of Iodine solution to the food stuff
2 If the iodine solution turns from orange/red to BLUE/BLACK starch is present
Test for lipids
1 To the test food(dont need to filter) sample and a few cm cubed of sudanIII
2The SudanIII solution will stain any fat/lipid present in the food
3 After shaking the oil floats to the top and stains red to show the Sudan III solution
Name three carcinogens
Tar
Alchohol
Ionising radiation
Muscle?
This contracts and relaxes to break down food.
Epidermal?
This lines the stomach protecting the acid from damaging it.
Glandular?
This releases the enzymes and acid which break down the food we eat.
Explain why people who exercise regularly are usually healthier than people who dont.
People who exercise regularly are usually healthier than people who take little exercise because people who take regular exercise make bigger muscles up to 40% of their body mass, and muscle tissue needs more energy to be transferred from food than body fat.They also have fitter hearts and bigger lungs.
How are exercise and obesity levels linked?
Exercise levels and obesity leves are often linked because the more you exercise the more calories you burn .The less you exercise the less calories you will burn which makes you more likely to be obese.
What is a depressant?
A depressant slows down messages in the nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord and other nerves.
What are examples of despressants?
Canabis
Alcohol
What is a stimulant?
Stimulants speed up messages in the nervous system. This makes you feel more alert and shortens reaction times.
What are examples of stimulants?
Cocaine and ecstasy are illegal stimulants
Caffeine is a legal stimulant.
What is the function of the mouth?
The mouth is the beginning of the digestive system and it chews food.
What are the chemicals produced in the mouth?
Glands in your mouth secrete saliva(contains the enzyme AMYLASE)
What is the function of Oesophagus?
The oesophagus carries food to the stomach.Muscular tube.
What are the chemical proccesses that take place in the oesophagus?
Food is pushed through a series of contractions called a peristalsis.
What is the function of the stomach?
Muscular walls of the stomach contract to churn the food breaking it.
What chemical is produced in the stomach?
The stomachcontains hydrochloric acid which kills ingested bacteria.
What is the function of the liver?
It processes absorbed food and detoxifies the blood.
What are the chemicals produced in the liver?
It makes bile which emulsifies fat to form droplets which increases the surface area.