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year 10 Biology > Diseases > Flashcards

Diseases Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How can you catch malaria

A

A single mosquito bite or a parasite
Dirty needles

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2
Q

What causes malaria?

A

Protists

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3
Q

Symptoms for malaria?

A

high temperature
sweats and chills
headaches
vomiting
muscle pain

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4
Q

What causes HIV?

A

Virus

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5
Q

How can you catch it?

A

Having sex without a condom.

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6
Q

HIV symptoms.

A

flu like symptoms.

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7
Q

Whats causes AIDS?

A

Virus

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8
Q

How can you catch AIDS?

A

HIV is passed on through blood, semen, vaginal fluid, anal mucus and breast milk, if the person with HIV has a detectable viral load. It’s not passed on by spitting, sneezing or coughing.

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9
Q

Symptoms for AIDS

A

Fever
Rash
Nausea
Vomiting

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10
Q

What causes measles?

A

Virus.

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11
Q

How can you catch measles?

A

If they have been vaccinated

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12
Q

Symptoms of measles?

A

Cold like symptom
runny nose
sore red eyes

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13
Q

What is Rose black spot caused by?

A

Fungus

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14
Q

How do you prevent harm from Rose black spot?

A

Use fungicides
Chopping off leaves

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15
Q

How does Rose black spot affect the organism?

A

They turn yellow
Purple or black spots

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16
Q

How does Rose black spot affect the growth of the organsim?

A

Affects growth of the plant as photosynthesis is reduced.

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17
Q

What is athletes foot caused by?

A

Fungus

18
Q

How do you prevent athletes foot?

A

Keep your feet clean and dry.
Dont share towels,socks and shoes.

19
Q

Athletes foot symptoms?

A

affected skin may be:
itchy
red
scaly
dry
cracked

20
Q

What is the symptoms for salmonella?

A

Fever
abdominal cramps
vomiting
diarrhoea

21
Q

How to prevent salmonella?

A

Prevent eating raw chicken wash before cooking, cook chicken throughly

22
Q

Name one way that antibiotics work to cure bacterial infections.

A

Antibiotics work by blocking vital processes in bacteria. They kill the bacteria or stop it from spreading.

23
Q

Describe how people become infected with food poisoning caused by salmonella.

A

Eating raw meat such as raw poultry and eggs.

24
Q

What type of disease is gonorrhoea and how is it spread?

A

It is a sexually transmitted disease.It is spread unprotected sexual contact with an infected people.

25
Q

How can gonorrhoea be treated and prevented?

A

It can be treated with anti-biotics and it can be prevented by using a condom or by reducing sexual partners.

26
Q

What are the similarities and differences between salmonella and gonorrhoea?

A

Both are bacterial diseases
Salmonella is spread through eating raw food but gonorrhoea is spread by having sex without a condom or with the infected.

27
Q

what attack plants?

A

Viruses,bacteria,fungi and aphids.

28
Q

What are aphids?

A

Aphids are an insect plant pest.

29
Q

What happens if there is a lack of nitrate ions in the soil of a plant?

A

Plants need a good supply of nitrate ions from the soil to convert the sugars made in photosynthesis into proteins needed for growth in protein synthesis.If there is a lack of nitrate ions growth will be stunted and they will not produce a crop properly.

30
Q

What do magnesium ions do for a plant and what happens if there is a lack of them?

A

Plants take magnesium ions from the soil to make the chlorophyll needed for photosynthesis.If the level of magnesium ions in the soil is low the plant cannot make enough chlorophyll.The leaves become yellow and the growth slows down because the plant cannot photosynthesise properly.

31
Q

What is the yellowing of leaves due to the lack of magnesium ions called?

A

Chlorosis.

32
Q

Symptoms of disease in plants include:

A

stunted growth
spots on leaves
areas of decay or rotting
growths
maliformed stems and leaves
discolouration
presence of visible pests

33
Q

What are the physcial barriers from plants that reduce the invasion of pathogens?

A

1) Bark on trees amd a layer of dead cells on the outside of stems form a protective layer that is hard for pathogens to pentrate
2) Leaf fall-deciduous trees lose their leaves in autumn.Any pathogens that infect the leaves such as rose black spot fall of the tree when the leaves are lost.
3) The tough waxy cuticle on the surface of leaves acts as a barrier to the entry of pathogens.It is only at the stomato that pathogens actually have access to the cells within the leaf.

34
Q
A
35
Q

Defence against herbivores.

A

Poison to deter herbivores
Thorns to make it unpleasant or painful for large herbivores to eat them.
Hairy stems and/or leaves deter insects and larger animals feeding on them or laying eggs on the leaves or stems
Drooping or curling when touched- a rare but effective adaptation is for the leaves to collapse suddenly frightening herbivores.
Mimicry-sometimes plants need to mimic other plants to show that they are unhealthy so herbivores stay off them.

36
Q

What are the two types of tumours?

A

Malignant and Benign.

37
Q

What is a tumour?

A

a lump of cells as a result of uncontrolled cell devision.

38
Q

What is the difference between a malignant and benign tumour?

A

Benign tumours do not include other parts of the body but can grow very large,very quickly.Malignant tumours can spread around the body and invade healthy tissues.

39
Q

What health effect do
both tumours have on the body ?

A

Malignant tumours disrupts healthy tissues and is left untreated, can kill the person.
Benign can cause pressure or damage to an organ such as the brain.

40
Q

Describe the use of chemotherapy as a treatment.

A

Chemotherapy is when chemicals are used to either stop the cancer cells dividing or to make them “ self-destruct”.

41
Q

Describe the use of radiotherapy and as a treatment.

A

Radiotherapy is when the cancer cells are destroyed by targeted closes of radiation

41
Q

List and desciribe the risks of both types of treatment.

A

Radiotherapycan stop mitois but can also damage healthy cells.Chemotherapy can make the cancer cells self destruct but it is not for every typeso there is only a possibility it can damage healthy cells aswell.

year 10 Biology (5 decks)

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