Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells,Cell structures,Specialised cells and functions Flashcards
Eukrayotic cells
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus enclosed within the nuclear membrane and form large and complex organisms. Protozoa, fungi, plants, and animals all have eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells are single-celled microorganisms known to be the earliest on earth. Prokaryotes include Bacteria and Archaea.
What organelles do eukaryotic cells have?
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Genetic material enclosed in a Nucleus
What organelles do prokaryotic cells have?
Genetic material not enclosed in a nucleus.
Extra rings of DNA called plasma.
Arrangement of organelles in a bacteria cell.
Each bacterium is a very small single cell. It is made up of cytoplasm surrounded by a membrane and a cell wall.Inside the bacterial cell are the ribosomes and the genetic material, bacteria do not have a nucleus. The long strands of DNA is found in the cytoplasm.Many bacterial cells also contain plasmids,which are small bits of DNA.These carry extra genetic informartion.Bacteria may have a slime capsule around the outside of the cell wall.They have fili which is hair like strucutres and flagellum which is used to help move themselves around.
Compare the structure and function of xylem and phloem cells.
The xylem tissue is made up of xylem cells.The xylem cells die later on due to the spiral of lignin.The spiral helps support the plant and helps with transportation of water and food.Unlike xylem cells phloem cells are not killed of but instead are kept alive and supported by cells.These support cells have alot of mitochondria and allow more structural support for the phloem tissue.Phloem tissues also have sieve plates and are hollow to help carry water and nutrients.
Red blood cell
Designed to carry oxygen
Large surface area
small diameter
no nucleus
contain haemoglobin
What happens when red blood cells dont work?
Anaemia
Sperm cell
Fertilise egg cell
Large nucelus which contains half genetic information to make a baby.
Tail
Lots of mitochondira
Acrosome that contains enzymes
What happens when sperm cell doesnt work?
Infertility
Neurones.
Can carry electrical impulses
Long and thin
Have an insulating layer of fat called Myelin
What happens when neurones dont work?
Paralysis
Death
Physcological issues
Muscle cell
Contract/relax movement.
Contain special proteins that contract.
Contain many mictochondria due to energy required.
What happens if muscle cells do not work?
Impaired mobility.
Root hair cell.
Absorbs minerals and water from soil.
Stores glycogen
Large surface area.