Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells,Cell structures,Specialised cells and functions

Question 1

Eukrayotic cells

Answer 1

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus enclosed within the nuclear membrane and form large and complex organisms. Protozoa, fungi, plants, and animals all have eukaryotic cells.

Question 2

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 2

Prokaryotic cells are single-celled microorganisms known to be the earliest on earth. Prokaryotes include Bacteria and Archaea.

Question 3

What organelles do eukaryotic cells have?

Answer 3

Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Genetic material enclosed in a Nucleus

Question 4

What organelles do prokaryotic cells have?

Answer 4

Genetic material not enclosed in a nucleus.
Extra rings of DNA called plasma.

Question 5

Arrangement of organelles in a bacteria cell.

Answer 5

Each bacterium is a very small single cell. It is made up of cytoplasm surrounded by a membrane and a cell wall.Inside the bacterial cell are the ribosomes and the genetic material, bacteria do not have a nucleus. The long strands of DNA is found in the cytoplasm.Many bacterial cells also contain plasmids,which are small bits of DNA.These carry extra genetic informartion.Bacteria may have a slime capsule around the outside of the cell wall.They have fili which is hair like strucutres and flagellum which is used to help move themselves around.

Question 6

Compare the structure and function of xylem and phloem cells.

Answer 6

The xylem tissue is made up of xylem cells.The xylem cells die later on due to the spiral of lignin.The spiral helps support the plant and helps with transportation of water and food.Unlike xylem cells phloem cells are not killed of but instead are kept alive and supported by cells.These support cells have alot of mitochondria and allow more structural support for the phloem tissue.Phloem tissues also have sieve plates and are hollow to help carry water and nutrients.

Question 7

Red blood cell

Answer 7

Designed to carry oxygen
Large surface area
small diameter
no nucleus
contain haemoglobin

Question 8

What happens when red blood cells dont work?

Answer 8

Anaemia

Question 9

Sperm cell

Answer 9

Fertilise egg cell
Large nucelus which contains half genetic information to make a baby.
Tail
Lots of mitochondira
Acrosome that contains enzymes

Question 10

What happens when sperm cell doesnt work?

Answer 10

Infertility

Question 11

Neurones.

Answer 11

Can carry electrical impulses
Long and thin
Have an insulating layer of fat called Myelin

Question 12

What happens when neurones dont work?

Answer 12

Paralysis
Death
Physcological issues

Question 13

Muscle cell

Answer 13

Contract/relax movement.
Contain special proteins that contract.
Contain many mictochondria due to energy required.

Question 14

What happens if muscle cells do not work?

Answer 14

Impaired mobility.

Question 15

Root hair cell.

Answer 15

Absorbs minerals and water from soil.
Stores glycogen
Large surface area.

Question 16

What happens if root hair cells do not work?

Answer 16

Cannot have plant

Question 17

Palisade cell

Answer 17

To carry out photosynthesis to help make plant food
Tall and has a large surface area to trap sunlight

Question 18

What happens if there is something wrong with the palisade cell?

Answer 18

Chlorophyll defficiency
Yellow or reddish coloured leaves
Stunted growth

Question 19

Xylem cell

Answer 19

The basic function of the xylem is to transport water from roots to stems and leaves, but it also transports nutrients.

Question 20

What happens if xylem cells do not work?

Answer 20

Death

Question 21

Phloem cell

Answer 21

The phloem. moves food substances that the plant has produced by photosynthesis to where they are needed for processes such as: growing parts of the plant for immediate use. storage organs such as bulbs.

Question 22

What happens if something is wrong with phloem cells.

Answer 22

Plants will not recieve the neccesary nutrients in order to survive

Question 23

7 life processes

Answer 23

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduction
Exretion
Nutrition

Question 24

what is the correlation between tissues organs and organ systems?

Answer 24

A cell work together to make a tissue tissues work together to make organs
Organs work together to make organ system
Organ systems work together to make organisms.

Question 25

What does epidermal tissue do?

Answer 25

Protect the surface of the leaf because these cells often secrete a waxy substance that water-proofs the sufrace of the leaf

Question 26

What does the palisade mesophyll do?

Answer 26

Palisade mesophyll tissue is adapted for photosynthesis because it contains lots of chloroplasts which carry out photosynthesis.Large surface area.

Question 27

What does spongy mesophyll?

Answer 27

Make the diffusion of gases easier.The spongy mesophyll’s function is to allow for the interchange of gases (CO 2) that are needed for photosynthesis.

Question 28

What is diffusion?

Answer 28

Diffusion is the movement of a substance from an area of
high concentration
to an area of
lower concentration.