Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells,Cell structures,Specialised cells and functions Flashcards
Eukrayotic cells
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus enclosed within the nuclear membrane and form large and complex organisms. Protozoa, fungi, plants, and animals all have eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells are single-celled microorganisms known to be the earliest on earth. Prokaryotes include Bacteria and Archaea.
What organelles do eukaryotic cells have?
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Genetic material enclosed in a Nucleus
What organelles do prokaryotic cells have?
Genetic material not enclosed in a nucleus.
Extra rings of DNA called plasma.
Arrangement of organelles in a bacteria cell.
Each bacterium is a very small single cell. It is made up of cytoplasm surrounded by a membrane and a cell wall.Inside the bacterial cell are the ribosomes and the genetic material, bacteria do not have a nucleus. The long strands of DNA is found in the cytoplasm.Many bacterial cells also contain plasmids,which are small bits of DNA.These carry extra genetic informartion.Bacteria may have a slime capsule around the outside of the cell wall.They have fili which is hair like strucutres and flagellum which is used to help move themselves around.
Compare the structure and function of xylem and phloem cells.
The xylem tissue is made up of xylem cells.The xylem cells die later on due to the spiral of lignin.The spiral helps support the plant and helps with transportation of water and food.Unlike xylem cells phloem cells are not killed of but instead are kept alive and supported by cells.These support cells have alot of mitochondria and allow more structural support for the phloem tissue.Phloem tissues also have sieve plates and are hollow to help carry water and nutrients.
Red blood cell
Designed to carry oxygen
Large surface area
small diameter
no nucleus
contain haemoglobin
What happens when red blood cells dont work?
Anaemia
Sperm cell
Fertilise egg cell
Large nucelus which contains half genetic information to make a baby.
Tail
Lots of mitochondira
Acrosome that contains enzymes
What happens when sperm cell doesnt work?
Infertility
Neurones.
Can carry electrical impulses
Long and thin
Have an insulating layer of fat called Myelin
What happens when neurones dont work?
Paralysis
Death
Physcological issues
Muscle cell
Contract/relax movement.
Contain special proteins that contract.
Contain many mictochondria due to energy required.
What happens if muscle cells do not work?
Impaired mobility.
Root hair cell.
Absorbs minerals and water from soil.
Stores glycogen
Large surface area.
What happens if root hair cells do not work?
Cannot have plant
Palisade cell
To carry out photosynthesis to help make plant food
Tall and has a large surface area to trap sunlight
What happens if there is something wrong with the palisade cell?
Chlorophyll defficiency
Yellow or reddish coloured leaves
Stunted growth
Xylem cell
The basic function of the xylem is to transport water from roots to stems and leaves, but it also transports nutrients.
What happens if xylem cells do not work?
Death
Phloem cell
The phloem. moves food substances that the plant has produced by photosynthesis to where they are needed for processes such as: growing parts of the plant for immediate use. storage organs such as bulbs.
What happens if something is wrong with phloem cells.
Plants will not recieve the neccesary nutrients in order to survive
7 life processes
Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduction
Exretion
Nutrition
what is the correlation between tissues organs and organ systems?
A cell work together to make a tissue tissues work together to make organs
Organs work together to make organ system
Organ systems work together to make organisms.
What does epidermal tissue do?
Protect the surface of the leaf because these cells often secrete a waxy substance that water-proofs the sufrace of the leaf
What does the palisade mesophyll do?
Palisade mesophyll tissue is adapted for photosynthesis because it contains lots of chloroplasts which carry out photosynthesis.Large surface area.
What does spongy mesophyll?
Make the diffusion of gases easier.The spongy mesophyll’s function is to allow for the interchange of gases (CO 2) that are needed for photosynthesis.
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is the movement of a substance from an area of
high concentration
to an area of
lower concentration.
