Respiration Flashcards
Aerobic Respiration
Glucose+oxygen->carbon dioxide+water+(energy)
When the body is able to supply the cells with the oxygen and glucose that they need, it carries out aerobic respiration.
Anaerobic Respiration
Glucose->lactic acid+energy
When the body cannot supply the cells with the oxygen needed to break down glucose, then it has to carry out anaerobic respiration. Energy is released without oxygen.
Inhaled air
The diaphragm muscle contracts and moves down
The rib (intercostal) muscles contract and the rib cage expands (it moves up and out)
The chest is bigger so the air pressure in the lungs will be less
Air enters the lungs
Exhaled air
The diaphragm muscle relaxes and moves up
The rib (intercostal) muscles relax and the rib cage move up (it moves down and in)
The chest is smaller so the air pressure in the lungs will be more
Air exits the lungs
Inhaled air percentage
Exhaled air percentage
Oxygen 21%
Carbon dioxide 0.04%
Nitrogen 79%
Water vapour varies
Oxygen 16%
Carbon dioxide 4%
Nitrogen 79%
Water vapour varies
The difference in % of oxygen is due to the fact that oxygen is absorbed into the blood/alveoli when it is breathed in therefore less oxygen is breathed out.
The difference in the % of carbon dioxide is due to the inhaled air has less co2 but the exhaled air has more because it is a waste gas and the body removes it from the system.
Gas exchange
Oxygen from the air diffuses through the walls of the alveoli into the blood. Where it is transported by the haemoglobin in the red blood cells. Carbon dioxide diffuses from the plasma of the blood into the alveoli so that it can be excreted in the exhaled air.
Passage of air into lungs
Mouth or nose Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli
What is the role of the heart?
As the heart muscle contract, it sends blood around your body that is oxygenated and de-oxygenated. The blood provides your body with the oxygen and nutrients it needs. It also carries away waste.
The right side of the heart receives blood that is low in oxygen because most has been used up by the brain and body. It pumps this to your lungs, where it picks up a fresh supply of oxygen. The blood then returns to the left side of the heart, ready to be pumped back out to the brain and the rest of your body.
Why does the body need oxygen?
Oxygen is needed to burn the fuels (sugar and fatty acids in our body) like glucose
Oxygen is transferred to our lungs through breathing, where it is carried by our red blood cells to the rest of the body, It is vital to have oxygen for our body to function.
Why is smoking bad?
Smoking is bad for you health because some of the chemicals in cigarettes have a harmful effect on your body. Nicotine is the drug in cigarettes and it makes you feel good. When this effect wears off you need to smoke another cigarette to get the same feeling. This is what causes people to become addicted to smoking.
Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas in cigarette smoke. It attaches to your red blood cells meaning they can’t carry oxygen.
Tar is a mixture of lots of chemicals that remain in your lungs and coat the alveoli. This means your body can not get all the oxygen it requieres and makes some people cough. Some of the chemicals in tar also cause lung cancer . Smoking can also cause other types of cancer such as mouth and throat cancer. It also causes other respiratory diseases such as emphysema and bronchitis.
How does nicotine affect the respiratory system?
It increases the heart rate and the blood pressure and makes blood vessels narrower than normal
Why is carbon dioxide bad for the health?
It takes the place of oxygen that the blood can carry. It means that the circulatory system works harder causing heart disease
What is passive smoking?
The inhaling of second-hand smoke (somebody smoking a cigarette)
Why are the cilia important in the respiratory system?
They move mucus out of the lungs
Adaptions of the alveoli
There are many alveoli giving a large surface area meaning a lot of gas can pass into the blood
They have very thin walls so that it is easy for gases to pass through
They are moist/lining so that the gases dissolve easily
They are surrounded by a large network of capillaries so gases can easily pass into blood
