Classification And Variation

Question 1

Correlation

Answer 1

A relationship or connection between two or more things

Question 2

Variation

Answer 2

We call differences between members of the same species variation. The differences between us are caused by 2 things: our genes and the environment.
In general we can see that children are similar, but not identical, to their parents. Differences occur because children inherit characteristics from both their parents and they can be affected by their environment. This is true for both animals and plants.

Question 3

Genetic variation

Answer 3

Genetic variation comes from genes. A gene is the basic unit of inheritance. Genes are responsible for our characteristics such as eye colour, hair colour etc. We inherit our genes from our parents in the egg and sperm. Our genes are found on structures called chromosomes inside the nucleus of every cell.

Question 4

Environmental variation

Answer 4

Differences are also caused by the environment. If you don’t get enough food you won’t be as tall. If a plant doesn’t get enough light, it can’t grow well. A person who does less exercise will be fatter. Identical twins can look different from each other due to environmental variation even though their genes are identical.

Question 5

Examples of genetic, environment variation and both

Answer 5

Natural hair colour Suntan Curly hair
Eye colour Accents Weight
Blood group Scar Height

Question 6

Plant kingdom

Answer 6

They make their own food from air, water, sunlight and minerals in the soil. Body contains cellulose for support. Green and contains chlorophyll. They stay in one place.

Question 7

Animal kingdom

Answer 7

Cannot make their own food and eat plants and animals. Body does not contain cellulose. Not green and do not have chlorophyll. They move about.

Question 8

Fish

Answer 8

They have gills, fins, scales, streamlined body and live in water.
Eg. Gold fish, shark, salmon, tuna, cod, trout, bass

Question 9

Amphibian

Answer 9

They have soft, moist skin, live in water or on land, lay eggs in water.
Eg.frog, toads, newt,

Question 10

Reptile

Answer 10

Dry skin covered in scales, lungs, live on land, lay eggs with shell.
Eg. Snake, lizard,crocodile, alligator, chameleon

Question 11

Birds

Answer 11

Skin covered in feathers, wings, lay eggs with a shell, warm blooded
Eg. Swan, duck, geese, flamingo

Question 12

Mammal

Answer 12

Skin covered in hair or fur, babies develop inside mother, babies feed on milk from mother, warm blooded.
Eg. Human,dolphin, apes:monkey or gorilla,whale, dolphin

Question 13

What is a species

Answer 13

A group of living or living organisms of similar individuals capable of inheriting (exchanging) genes and can produce offspring but not always sexually.

Question 14

Positive correlation

Answer 14

As one variable increases the other increases

Question 15

Negative correlation

Answer 15

As one variable increases the other decreases

Question 16

What is an invertebrate ?

Answer 16

Invertebrates are animals that don’t have a backbone. Some have soft bodies, like worms, slugs and jellyfish. Other invertebrates, like insects, spiders and crustaceans, have a hard outer casing called an exoskeleton. This protects their body a bit like a suit of armour.

Question 17

What is a vertebrate?

Answer 17

Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone inside their body. The major groups include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.

Question 18

Insects

Answer 18

These are six-legged animals with an ability to fly, jointed legs
Butterfly, moths
Mosquito, dragonfly
Housefly, wasp, beetle

Question 19

Molluscs

Answer 19

These are the animals which have flexible, soft bodies with shell. Live in water and on land.
Snails
Octopus
Starfish.

Question 20

Myriapods

Answer 20

These animals have many pairs of legs that are jointed. Divided into lots of sections, antennae, body covered by hard outer skeleton
Scorpion
Crabs
centipedes

Question 21

Annelids

Answer 21

Long body divided into segments, bristles called chaetae
Earthworms
Leeches
Rag-worms.

Question 22

Echinoderms

Answer 22

Symmetrical body, tough, spiny skin, live in water

Starfish

Question 23

Crustaceans

Answer 23

Segmented body, hard outer skeleton, 2 pairs of antennae, jointed legs, live in water/damp places
Crayfish
Crab
Lobster

Question 24

Arachnids

Answer 24

Body divided into 2 sections, 4 pairs of jointed legs, antennae, body covered by hard outer skeleton
Spider
Scorpion
Tarantula