Classification And Variation Flashcards
Correlation
A relationship or connection between two or more things
Variation
We call differences between members of the same species variation. The differences between us are caused by 2 things: our genes and the environment.
In general we can see that children are similar, but not identical, to their parents. Differences occur because children inherit characteristics from both their parents and they can be affected by their environment. This is true for both animals and plants.
Genetic variation
Genetic variation comes from genes. A gene is the basic unit of inheritance. Genes are responsible for our characteristics such as eye colour, hair colour etc. We inherit our genes from our parents in the egg and sperm. Our genes are found on structures called chromosomes inside the nucleus of every cell.
Environmental variation
Differences are also caused by the environment. If you don’t get enough food you won’t be as tall. If a plant doesn’t get enough light, it can’t grow well. A person who does less exercise will be fatter. Identical twins can look different from each other due to environmental variation even though their genes are identical.
Examples of genetic, environment variation and both
Natural hair colour Suntan Curly hair
Eye colour Accents Weight
Blood group Scar Height
Plant kingdom
They make their own food from air, water, sunlight and minerals in the soil. Body contains cellulose for support. Green and contains chlorophyll. They stay in one place.
Animal kingdom
Cannot make their own food and eat plants and animals. Body does not contain cellulose. Not green and do not have chlorophyll. They move about.
Fish
They have gills, fins, scales, streamlined body and live in water.
Eg. Gold fish, shark, salmon, tuna, cod, trout, bass
Amphibian
They have soft, moist skin, live in water or on land, lay eggs in water.
Eg.frog, toads, newt,
Reptile
Dry skin covered in scales, lungs, live on land, lay eggs with shell.
Eg. Snake, lizard,crocodile, alligator, chameleon
Birds
Skin covered in feathers, wings, lay eggs with a shell, warm blooded
Eg. Swan, duck, geese, flamingo
Mammal
Skin covered in hair or fur, babies develop inside mother, babies feed on milk from mother, warm blooded.
Eg. Human,dolphin, apes:monkey or gorilla,whale, dolphin
What is a species
A group of living or living organisms of similar individuals capable of inheriting (exchanging) genes and can produce offspring but not always sexually.
Positive correlation
As one variable increases the other increases
Negative correlation
As one variable increases the other decreases
What is an invertebrate ?
Invertebrates are animals that don’t have a backbone. Some have soft bodies, like worms, slugs and jellyfish. Other invertebrates, like insects, spiders and crustaceans, have a hard outer casing called an exoskeleton. This protects their body a bit like a suit of armour.
What is a vertebrate?
Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone inside their body. The major groups include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.
Insects
These are six-legged animals with an ability to fly, jointed legs
Butterfly, moths
Mosquito, dragonfly
Housefly, wasp, beetle
Molluscs
These are the animals which have flexible, soft bodies with shell. Live in water and on land.
Snails
Octopus
Starfish.
Myriapods
These animals have many pairs of legs that are jointed. Divided into lots of sections, antennae, body covered by hard outer skeleton
Scorpion
Crabs
centipedes
Annelids
Long body divided into segments, bristles called chaetae
Earthworms
Leeches
Rag-worms.
Echinoderms
Symmetrical body, tough, spiny skin, live in water
Starfish
Crustaceans
Segmented body, hard outer skeleton, 2 pairs of antennae, jointed legs, live in water/damp places
Crayfish
Crab
Lobster
Arachnids
Body divided into 2 sections, 4 pairs of jointed legs, antennae, body covered by hard outer skeleton
Spider
Scorpion
Tarantula
