Respiration Flashcards
what is respiration
process that occurs in living cells and releases the energy stored in organic molecules
anabolic reactions
where large molecules are synthesised from smaller molecules
catabolic
involving hydrolysis of large molecules to smaller ones
ATP
the standard intermediary (energy currency molecule) between energy-releasing and energy-consuming metabolic reactions in eukaryotic and prokaryotic, releases energy in small manageable amounts
respiration equation
glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water + ATP
glycolysis
a 10 stage biochemical pathway that occurs in the cytoplasm of all living organisms that respire, including prokaryotes converting glucose to pyruvate
4 stages of respiration
glycolysis, link reaction, krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation
when does glycolysis occur
in aerobic and anaerobic respiration
what does NAD/FAD do
carry the hydrogen to the ETC on the cristae
what does CoA do
carries the acetyl group into the Krebs cycle
where is oxaloacetate found
mitochondrial matrix
how many turns of the krebs cycle for every molecule of glucose
2
chemiosmosis
the flow of protons down their concentration gradient across a membrane through ATP synthase enzymes- the force of flow allows production of ATP
final electron acceptor in OP
molecular oxygen
how do fungi and plants reoxidise NADH during anaerobic respiration
ethanol fermentation pathway
how do mammals reoxidise NADH during anaerobic respiration
lactate fermentation pathway
hydrogen acceptor in the lactate fermentation pathway
pyruvate
hydrogen acceptor in ethanol fermentation pathway
ethanal
respiratory substrates
an organic substrate that can be oxidised by respiration, releasing energy to make ATP molecules and water, co2
greater the proportion of hydrogen atoms in a respiratory substrate molecule…
the more oxygen needed for its respiration bc protons combine with oxygen to form water
why can fatty acids and amino acids can only be respired aerobically
they cannot undergo glycolysis
decarboxylation
removal of a carboxyl group from a substrate molecule
dehydrogenation
removal of hydrogen atoms from a substrate molecule
substrate-level phosphorylation
production of ATP from ADP+Pi during glycolysis and krebs cycle
oxidative phosphorylation
formation of ATP using energy released in the ETC and in presence of oxygen
what occurs in muscle tissue if lactate remains
cause muscle fatigue, reducing the pH (increasing acidity by lactic acid) and reducing enzyme activity
