Cellular Control

Question 1

point mutations

Answer 1

substitution of one base pair for another

Question 2

indel mutations

Answer 2

one or more nucleotides are inserted/deleted from length of DNA that may cause a frame shift

Question 3

if glucose is absent but lactose is present, the lac Operon induces production of the enzymes….

Answer 3

lactose permease

B-galactosidase

Question 4

lactose permease

Answer 4

makes bacterial cell more permeable to lactose entering

Question 5

B-galactosidase

Answer 5

hydrolyses lactose to glucose and galactose

Question 6

transcription factors

Answer 6

proteins/short non-coding peices of RNA that control which genes are turned on/off, sliding along DNA seeking and binding to specific promoter regions -> aid or inhibit attachment of RNA polymerase

Question 7

introns

Answer 7

non-coding regions of DNA that are not expressed

Question 8

extrons

Answer 8

coding/expressed regions

Question 9

operon

Answer 9

a group of genes that function as a single transcription unit

Question 10

apoptosis

Answer 10

programmed cell death

Question 11

conserved

Answer 11

has remained in all descendent species throughout evolutionary history

Question 12

homeobox sequence

Answer 12

sequence of 180 base pairs (not introns) found within genes that are involved in regulating patterns of anatomical development in animals/fungi/plants

Question 13

hox genes

Answer 13

subset of homeobox genes only in animals which form anatomical features in correct locations of the body plan