Respiration

Question 1

What are the two requirements for the respiratory system to function?

Answer 1

Surface area and a moist environment for oxygen and carbon dioxide to dissolve in the water

Question 2

Inspiration:

Answer 2

breathing in, inhaling: air from external to lungs

Question 3

Expiration:

Answer 3

breathing out, exhaling: air from lungs back to the external

Question 4

External Respiration:

Answer 4

exchange of CO2 and O2 between your blood (in lungs)

Question 5

Internal Respiration:

Answer 5

Exchange of gas between the body’s cells and the blood

Question 6

Cellular Respiration:

Answer 6

energy releasing chemical reaction inside of the mitochondria of the cell

Question 7

Nasal Passage parts:

Answer 7

Nose hair: filter and trap particles
Cilia: move particles back up the nose and throat to sneeze
Mucus: cleanse and traps bacteria and adds moisture
Blood Supply: warms the air before it goes to the lungs (also increases surface area)

Question 8

Pharynx and Epiglottis:

Answer 8

Pharynx: passageway for food and air
Epiglottis: a flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the trachea

Question 9

Larynx:

Answer 9

The upper portion of the trachea

Air goes through the vocal cords and the tension changes the pitch of the sound

Question 10

Trachea:

Answer 10

Runs behind the breastbone to the lungs
C-shaped cartilage rings hold it open
The entire passageway is lined with cilia

Question 11

Lungs:

Answer 11

Spongy
Right lung has 3 lobes, weighs more and is shorter by 5cm
Left lung has 2 lobes, to make room for the heart
A collapsed lung us a collection of air between the outside surface of the lung and the inside surface of the chest wall

Question 12

Bronchi:

Answer 12

The trachea branches off into the left and right bronchus into the lungs
Held open by c-cartialage rings
Cilia and mucus line the passageway

Question 13

Bronchioles:

Answer 13

Smaller branches off of the bronchus
Does not hace cartilage rings
Made up of smooth and connective tissues
Stilled lined with cilia and mucus

Question 14

Alveoli:

Answer 14

Tiny air sacs found at the end of the bronchioles
They increase surface air for gas exchange
Tiny capillaries are next to them for easy exchange of O2 and CO2 (diffusion)
Lubricating film to help keep the walls from collapsing or the sides sticking together

Question 15

Pleural Membranes:

Answer 15

The lungs have a double-layered membrane
Parietal Pleura: attaches to the inside of the chest wall
Visceral Pleura: attaches to the lungs to adhere to each other and move with reduced friction

Question 16

Diaphragm:

Answer 16

A dome shaped sheet of muscle below the lungs
Separates the lungs from the stomach
Aids in the mechanics of breathing

Question 17

Intercostal Muscles:

Answer 17

the muscles around your ribs

Question 18

Mechanics of breathing: Inhalation

Answer 18

Diaphragm contracts and flattens
Intercostal muscles contract and move ribs up and out
Volume increases and air pressure decreases
Air from high pressure outside of the body rushes into the lungs to equalize the pressure

Question 19

Mechanics of breathing: Exhalation

Answer 19

Diaphragm relaxes and becomes dome shaped again
Intercostal relaxes and moves the ribs in and down
Volume decreases and air press increases
Air flow out of the lungs from high pressure to lower pressure in the atmosphere to equalize the pressure