Muscle Tissues and Cells

Question 1

Appearance, function and Involuntary/Voluntary Smooth Muscle:

Answer 1

Long/ tapered, one nucleus, arranged in parallel lines
Walls of blood vessels, direct blood flow, regulate blood pressure
Involuntary

Question 2

Appearance, function and Involuntary/Voluntary Cardiac Muscle:

Answer 2

Tubular and striated, one nucleus
Heart Wall
Involuntary

Question 3

Appearance, function and Involuntary/Voluntary Skeletal Muscle:

Answer 3

Striated/ tubular, long/ tapered, one nuclei
Supports the body, allows bones to move, maintains body temperature
Voluntary

Question 4

Organization of fibres, description of fibres, description of nuclei Skeletal:

Answer 4

Tubular, straight lines
Tubular, striated
On the edge, lots of nuclei

Question 5

Organization of fibres, description of fibres, description of nuclei Smooth:

Answer 5

All go together in a sheet
Tapered
Lots of nuclei everywhere

Question 6

Organization of fibres, description of fibres, description of nuclei Cardiac:

Answer 6

Sort of in tubes - branches
Striations
1 nuclei in the center of the cell

Question 7

How muscle cells are organized

Answer 7

Muscle-Muscle fibre bundle (group of cells)- Muscle fibre (Single Cell)- Myofibrils (Inside Cells)- Myofilaments

Question 8

Description and Function: Muscle Fibre

Answer 8

Single cell muscle

Muscle contractions

Question 9

Description and Function: Myoglobin

Answer 9

Pigment that binds oxygen

Stores oxygen for use during muscle contraction

Question 10

Description and Function: Sarcolemma

Answer 10

Membrans od muscle fibre

Surrounds the muscle fibre and regulates entry and exit of materials

Question 11

Description and Function: Sarcoplasm

Answer 11

Cytoplasm of muscle fibre

Site of metabolic processes for normal cell activity. Contains glycogen

Question 12

Description and Function: Sarcoplasm Reticulum

Answer 12

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Stores calcium ions needed for muscle contraction

Question 13

Description and Function: Myofibrils

Answer 13

Organized bundles of myofilaments

Myofilaments that are responsible for muscle contraction

Question 14

Description and Function: Thick Filament

Answer 14

Myofilament composed of bundles of myosin protein

Binds to actin and causes muscle contraction

Question 15

Description and Function: Thin Filament

Answer 15

Fine myofilament composed of strands of protein called actin

Binds to myosin

Question 16

What is the role of calcium?

Answer 16

It binds to troponin and opens the binding site

Question 17

What is the purpose of tropomyosin?

Answer 17

It inhibits myosin binding

Question 18

Why is troponin needed to get your muscles to contract?

Answer 18

Because it exposes the binding site of actin where the heads can bind - contraction.

Question 19

Describe the role of calcium in Contraction

Answer 19

oooooooooTTTTToooooooooo 
                   tttt
                  CCCC
o=Actin filament         t= Troponin
T= Tropomysin           C= Calcium

Question 20

What is the order regarding the movement of actin and myosin.

Answer 20

1. The myosin head is attached to actin
2. The myosin head flexes, advancing the actin filament
3. The myosin head releases and unflexes, powered by ATP
4. The myosin reattaches to actin farther along the fibre.

Question 21

Energy sources to form ATP are:

Answer 21

Creatine Phosphate, Aerobic Cellular Respiration, Fermentation

Question 22

Anaerobic/ Aerobic, Site, Reactants, Products, amount of ATP produced: Creatine Phosphate

Answer 22

Anaerobic, sliding filaments, creatine phosphate, ATP & Creatine, 8 sec

Question 23

Anaerobic/ Aerobic, Site, Reactants, Products, amount of ATP produced: Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Answer 23

Aerobic, Mitochondria, Glucose & Oxygen, CO2 Water & ATP, 38

Question 24

Anaerobic/ Aerobic, Site, Reactants, Products, amount of ATP produced: Fermentation

Answer 24

Anaerobic, cytoplasm (sarcoplasm), Glucose ADP, Lactate ATP, 2