Blood and circulation unit Flashcards
What are the percentages of blood and what’s in those percentages?
55% yellow plasma: water, co2, proteins, sugars, vitamins, hormones, waste
1% white blood cells and platelets
45% formed portion: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
What are erythrocytes, what is there function, where is produced, what doesn’t it have, what does it have (oxygen wise), what shape is it, how long does it live for, how big is it?
Red blood cells, carry oxygen, produced in the red bone marrow, has no nucleus, has hemoglobin, biconcave shape, lives for 120 days, 6-8 micrometers.
What is anemia?
Not enough oxygen is being delivered, it is caused by to few red blood cells that lack hemoglobin or they are misshaped, blood transfusions help.
What are white blood cells called, what is there function, where are they produced, what does it have, how long does it live?
Leukocytes, fight infection, produced in the red bone marrow and thymus glands, have a nucleus, live a few hours to a few days.
What are the 3 groups of WBC? And what do they do and what is their size?
Granulocytes: engulf and destroy foreign bodies, 10-15 micro
Monocytes: leave the bloodstream and specialize into macrophage which engulf and destroy foreign bacteria, 10-30 micro
Lymphocytes: some produce proteins called antibodies that incapacitate pathogens to help destroy them, 6-10 micro
What platelets, what is their function, where are they produced, what is the size, how long do they live, does it have a nucleus, what ion does it have to help?
Thrombocytes, blood clotting, produced in red bone marrowbone the lungs, 1-4 micro, 2-8 days, no nucleus, it uses calcium to blood clot.
What is hemophilia?
A clotting disorder because it lacks thrombocytes
Function of blood: Transport
Nutrients from the digestive system to the body cells,
Chemicals and gases from the respiratory system to body cells
Waste products of cellular process (uric acid to the kidneys for urine)
Hormones from the glands to target cells
Function of blood: Temperature
Uses heat gradient (like diffusion uses concentration gradient, between skin and external temperatures. The greater the gradient, the faster the heat loss
Vasodilation
Occurs when body temp is to warm, blood transport pd heat to surface, nerves dilate to increase heat loss, sweating through evaporation
Vasoconstriction
Occurs so the body can conserve heat, vessels constrict near the surface to reduce heat loss, shivering increase heat production
Factors that controls vasodilation and vasoconstriction
Blood pressure: high BP -vasodilation, low BP -vasoconstriction
Exercise: vasodilation to increase blood flow to tissues
Alcohol and nicotine: promote vasodilation and blood rushes to the skins surface
Circulation and action of capillaries
Blood enters the ARTERIAL END of a capillary, diffusion, occurs along the MIDSECTION of a capillary, and then wasted enter the capillary at her VENOUS end. The arterial end appears RED b/c of the RBCS and hemoglobin they carry. The venous end appears BLUE b/c the oxygen has diffused out of the RBCS/hemoglobin
Function of blood: Defense
Macrophages engulf for foreign invaders
Lymphocytes produce antibodies, blood clotting -thrombocytes
What can increase RBC production?
Height above sea level
Size of cells largest to smallest.
Granulocytes, lymphocytes, erythrocytes! platelets
The lymphatic system is a network of ? that consitist of?
Tissues and organs, nodes, glands and vessels
What is the main purpose of the lymphatic system?
To ensure that plasma that escapes the capillaries is eventually returned to the heart via the lymphatic system
How many lymph nodes are in the body, what are the main ones?
600-700 and the tonsils, adenoids, spleen. and thymus are all apart of the lymphatic system
What is the largest lymphatic organ? Where is it located?
Spleen, it is located on the left side of the human body above the kidney - you can live without it but are usually more prone to infection
What does the thymus do? Where is it located?
Stored immature Lymphocytes and prepares them to become active T cells, it is located in the chest just above the heart.
There are large clusters of lymphatic cells in the…
Tonsils or pharynx
What node is located behind the nose meeting the throat and what can happen if it becomes enlarged?
When the ADENOIDS become enlarged it is often difficult to breath through the nose.
Major function of the lymphatic system: maintain fluid balance
Lymph flows in one direction - up towards the neck in lymph vessels
Lymph capillaries are interconnected with the blood capillaries
Lymph vessels have valves to direct lymph back to the heart
Skeletal muscles and movement from inhalation also help
What is the pathway of lymph?
Lymphatic capillaries- lymph vessels- lymph nodes- lymph duct- veins- heart
Major functions of the lymphatic system: filter harmful invaders
Lymph nodes trap and destroy bacteria
Major functions of the lymphatic system: produce and mature white blood cells
Lymphocytes (WBC) mature in the lymph nodes
When bacteria is found in the lymph fluid the lymph nodes make more WBCs which can cause swelling
Where does the thoracic duct empty? Where does the right lymphatic duct empty? What parts of the body do each of these ducts drain?
L Jugular and subclavian veins of the circulatory system
R Jugular and subclavian veins
The L and R Jugulars drain to the brain and the subclavian veins drain to the head, neck and upper limbs
The lymphatic system is a network of ? that consitist of?
Tissues and organs, nodes, glands and vessels
What is the main purpose of the lymphatic system?
To ensure that plasma that escapes the capillaries is eventually returned to the heart via the lymphatic system
How many lymph nodes are in the body, what are the main ones?
600-700 and the tonsils, adenoids, spleen. and thymus are all apart of the lymphatic system
What is the largest lymphatic organ? Where is it located?
Spleen, it is located on the left side of the human body above the kidney - you can live without it but are usually more prone to infection
What does the thymus do? Where is it located?
Stored immature Lymphocytes and prepares them to become active T cells, it is located in the chest just above the heart.
There are large clusters of lymphatic cells in the…
Tonsils or pharynx
What node is located behind the nose meeting the throat and what can happen if it becomes enlarged?
When the ADENOIDS become enlarged it is often difficult to breath through the nose.
Major function of the lymphatic system: maintain fluid balance
Lymph flows in one direction - up towards the neck in lymph vessels
Lymph capillaries are interconnected with the blood capillaries
Lymph vessels have valves to direct lymph back to the heart
Skeletal muscles and movement from inhalation also help
What is the pathway of lymph?
Lymphatic capillaries- lymph vessels- lymph nodes- lymph duct- veins- heart
Major functions of the lymphatic system: filter harmful invaders
Lymph nodes trap and destroy bacteria
Major functions of the lymphatic system: produce and mature white blood cells
Lymphocytes (WBC) mature in the lymph nodes
When bacteria is found in the lymph fluid the lymph nodes make more WBCs which can cause swelling
Where does the thoracic duct empty? Where does the right lymphatic duct empty? What parts of the body do each of these ducts drain?
L Jugular and subclavian veins of the circulatory system
R Jugular and subclavian veins
The L and R Jugulars drain to the brain and the subclavian veins drain to the head, neck and upper limbs
The lymphatic system is a network of ? that consitist of?
Tissues and organs, nodes, glands and vessels
What is the main purpose of the lymphatic system?
To ensure that plasma that escapes the capillaries is eventually returned to the heart via the lymphatic system
How many lymph nodes are in the body, what are the main ones?
600-700 and the tonsils, adenoids, spleen. and thymus are all apart of the lymphatic system
What is the largest lymphatic organ? Where is it located?
Spleen, it is located on the left side of the human body above the kidney - you can live without it but are usually more prone to infection
What does the thymus do? Where is it located?
Stored immature Lymphocytes and prepares them to become active T cells, it is located in the chest just above the heart.
There are large clusters of lymphatic cells in the…
Tonsils or pharynx
What node is located behind the nose meeting the throat and what can happen if it becomes enlarged?
When the ADENOIDS become enlarged it is often difficult to breath through the nose.
Major function of the lymphatic system: maintain fluid balance
Lymph flows in one direction - up towards the neck in lymph vessels
Lymph capillaries are interconnected with the blood capillaries
Lymph vessels have valves to direct lymph back to the heart
Skeletal muscles and movement from inhalation also help
What is the pathway of lymph?
Lymphatic capillaries- lymph vessels- lymph nodes- lymph duct- veins- heart
Major functions of the lymphatic system: filter harmful invaders
Lymph nodes trap and destroy bacteria
Major functions of the lymphatic system: produce and mature white blood cells
Lymphocytes (WBC) mature in the lymph nodes
When bacteria is found in the lymph fluid the lymph nodes make more WBCs which can cause swelling
Where does the thoracic duct empty? Where does the right lymphatic duct empty? What parts of the body do each of these ducts drain?
L Jugular and subclavian veins of the circulatory system
R Jugular and subclavian veins
The L and R Jugulars drain to the brain and the subclavian veins drain to the head, neck and upper limbs
