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Biology 20-1 > Circulatory System Anatomy > Flashcards

Circulatory System Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the main functions of the circulatory system (transport, regulation and protection)

A

Transport: gases, nutrients, waste and hormones
Regulation: of body temperature
Protection: against blood lose, platelets for blood clotting and diseases

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2
Q

Main components of the circulatory system

A

Heart, blood vessels, blood

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3
Q

Functions of the heart

A

Pump blood through the body, separates oxygen rich blood and oxygen poor blood, ensures that blood flows in one direction

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4
Q

What are the 4 chambers of the heart

A

right and left atrium, right and left ventricle

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5
Q

Types of Circulatory Circuits and their jobs?

A

Pulmonary Circulatory System: deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood to the heart
Systemic System: oxygenated blood to the body tissues and deoxygenated blood back to the heart
Coronary System: delivers blood to the heart muscle

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6
Q

What does the Vena Cava do?

A

two large vessels that bring blood back to the right atrium

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7
Q

What does the Superior Vena Cava do?

A

collects deoxygenated blood coming from the tissues in the head and upper body

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8
Q

What does the Inferior Vena Cava do?

A

collects deoxygenated blood coming from tissues in the lower body

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9
Q

What do the pulmonary Veins do?

A

bring back blood from the lungs and deliver the oxygenated blood to the left atrium

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10
Q

What does the left side of the heart receive and where does it get it from and where does it go?

A

It receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it out to the body tissues.

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11
Q

What is the function of the AV valves?

A

ensure blood flow in only 1 direction

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12
Q

What does the tricuspid valve do?

A

3 flaps to prevent blood flow from the ventricle into the aorta

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13
Q

What does the bicuspid valve do?

A

2 flaps to prevent back flow

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14
Q

What hold the AV valves together?

A

Cordae tondonae

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15
Q

What do semilunar valves do?

A

Half moon shaper valves that separate the ventricles from the arteries and prevent blood back flow from the artery into the ventricles

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16
Q

Where is the pulmonary valve located?

A

Between right ventricle and pulmonary artery

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17
Q

Where is the Aortic semilunar valve located?

A

between left ventricle and the aorta

18
Q

What are the 3 main types of blood vessels and what is their function?

A

Arteries: carry blood away from the hear (Arteries-Away)
Veins: carry blood towards the heart
Capillaries: network that joins arteries and veins (A-C-V)

19
Q

What are arterioles?

A

Smaller arteries (twigs on trees)

20
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system do?

A

Controls the motor nerves that regulate the diameter of the arterioles

21
Q

What is Vasoconstriction?

A

Decrease diameter of the arterioles by contracting the smooth muscle and decreasing the blood flow to tissue

22
Q

What is Vasodilation?

A

Smooth muscle of the arterioles relax and the diameter increases as does the blood flow to the tissues.

23
Q

What is varicose veins?

A

Valves become weak and blood pools be hid the valve and causes the vein to bulge out

24
Q

What are Venules?

A

Vessels that progressively get larger leading from the capillaries

25
Q

Capillaries are ideal for?

A

Diffusion

26
Q

Description of an Artery?

A

Highly elastic walls, 3 layers, thick walls because of muscle tissues

27
Q

Description of a Vein?

A

Cannot contract, contains valves, thin walls

28
Q

Description of a Capillary?

A

Single layer of cells, can only fit one red blood cell at a time, diffuses.

29
Q

What is a relaxed ventricle called?

A

Disytole

30
Q

What is a heart murmur caused by?

A

When the valves do not close which can lead to reduced oxygen delivery to the body cell and is heard on a stethoscope as a gurgling sound

31
Q

What is BP?

A

Pressure or force that blood exerts on vessel walls

32
Q

What is systolic pressure?

A

When ventricles contract and the pressure increases. Max - 120mmHg

33
Q

What is diastolic pressure?

A

When ventricles relax and the pressure decreases. MIn - 80mmHg

34
Q

A healthy BP is? What is unhealthy?

A

120/80. If it is greater that 140 and greater than 90.

35
Q

What does BP depend on?

A

Cardiac output and arterial resistance

36
Q

What is Cardiac Output?

A

The amount of blood pumped by the heart and is measured in mL/min

37
Q

What is the average resting heart rate?

A

60-80

38
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

The amount of blood forced out of the heart with each beat

39
Q

What is the average stroke volume?

A

70mL

40
Q

What is the formula?

A

Cardiac Output= heart rate X stroke volume

41
Q

The Flow of Blood throughout the Heart!!!!

A

Red: Pulmonary Vein-Left Atrium- Bicuspid Valve- Left Ventricle- Semilunar Valve-Aorta- Arteries.

Blue: Body Tissues/Capillaries- Veins- Vena Cava- Right Atrium- Tricuspid Valve- Right Ventricle- Semilunar Valve- Pulmonary Artery- Lungs

Biology 20-1 (7 decks)

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