Circulatory System Anatomy Flashcards
What are the main functions of the circulatory system (transport, regulation and protection)
Transport: gases, nutrients, waste and hormones
Regulation: of body temperature
Protection: against blood lose, platelets for blood clotting and diseases
Main components of the circulatory system
Heart, blood vessels, blood
Functions of the heart
Pump blood through the body, separates oxygen rich blood and oxygen poor blood, ensures that blood flows in one direction
What are the 4 chambers of the heart
right and left atrium, right and left ventricle
Types of Circulatory Circuits and their jobs?
Pulmonary Circulatory System: deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood to the heart
Systemic System: oxygenated blood to the body tissues and deoxygenated blood back to the heart
Coronary System: delivers blood to the heart muscle
What does the Vena Cava do?
two large vessels that bring blood back to the right atrium
What does the Superior Vena Cava do?
collects deoxygenated blood coming from the tissues in the head and upper body
What does the Inferior Vena Cava do?
collects deoxygenated blood coming from tissues in the lower body
What do the pulmonary Veins do?
bring back blood from the lungs and deliver the oxygenated blood to the left atrium
What does the left side of the heart receive and where does it get it from and where does it go?
It receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it out to the body tissues.
What is the function of the AV valves?
ensure blood flow in only 1 direction
What does the tricuspid valve do?
3 flaps to prevent blood flow from the ventricle into the aorta
What does the bicuspid valve do?
2 flaps to prevent back flow
What hold the AV valves together?
Cordae tondonae
What do semilunar valves do?
Half moon shaper valves that separate the ventricles from the arteries and prevent blood back flow from the artery into the ventricles
Where is the pulmonary valve located?
Between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
Where is the Aortic semilunar valve located?
between left ventricle and the aorta
What are the 3 main types of blood vessels and what is their function?
Arteries: carry blood away from the hear (Arteries-Away)
Veins: carry blood towards the heart
Capillaries: network that joins arteries and veins (A-C-V)
What are arterioles?
Smaller arteries (twigs on trees)
What does the autonomic nervous system do?
Controls the motor nerves that regulate the diameter of the arterioles
What is Vasoconstriction?
Decrease diameter of the arterioles by contracting the smooth muscle and decreasing the blood flow to tissue
What is Vasodilation?
Smooth muscle of the arterioles relax and the diameter increases as does the blood flow to the tissues.
What is varicose veins?
Valves become weak and blood pools be hid the valve and causes the vein to bulge out
What are Venules?
Vessels that progressively get larger leading from the capillaries
Capillaries are ideal for?
Diffusion
Description of an Artery?
Highly elastic walls, 3 layers, thick walls because of muscle tissues
Description of a Vein?
Cannot contract, contains valves, thin walls
Description of a Capillary?
Single layer of cells, can only fit one red blood cell at a time, diffuses.
What is a relaxed ventricle called?
Disytole
What is a heart murmur caused by?
When the valves do not close which can lead to reduced oxygen delivery to the body cell and is heard on a stethoscope as a gurgling sound
What is BP?
Pressure or force that blood exerts on vessel walls
What is systolic pressure?
When ventricles contract and the pressure increases. Max - 120mmHg
What is diastolic pressure?
When ventricles relax and the pressure decreases. MIn - 80mmHg
A healthy BP is? What is unhealthy?
120/80. If it is greater that 140 and greater than 90.
What does BP depend on?
Cardiac output and arterial resistance
What is Cardiac Output?
The amount of blood pumped by the heart and is measured in mL/min
What is the average resting heart rate?
60-80
What is stroke volume?
The amount of blood forced out of the heart with each beat
What is the average stroke volume?
70mL
What is the formula?
Cardiac Output= heart rate X stroke volume
The Flow of Blood throughout the Heart!!!!
Red: Pulmonary Vein-Left Atrium- Bicuspid Valve- Left Ventricle- Semilunar Valve-Aorta- Arteries.
Blue: Body Tissues/Capillaries- Veins- Vena Cava- Right Atrium- Tricuspid Valve- Right Ventricle- Semilunar Valve- Pulmonary Artery- Lungs
