respiration Flashcards
what is respiration?
a type of chemical reaction that breaks down glucose
how does the body use energy from respiration? (6)
maintain internal temperature
active transport
cell division and growth
protein synthesis
muscle contraction
nervous impulse
what is aerobic respiration?
breakdown of glucose and releasing energy
what does aerobic mean?
with oxygen
what are the characteristics of respiration?
not the same as breathing
happens inside cells
plants and animals can respire
exothermic reaction that releases energy
what is breathing?
a gas exchange in alveoli of the lungs
what is glucose in animal cells and what does it cause?
lactic acid - stitch/cramp
what does anaerobic mean?
without oxygen
when does anaerobic occur?
when the body’s cells cannot get enough oxygen
what is anaerobic respiration?
the incomplete breakdown of glucose in the absence of oxygen
what is anaerobic respiration in yeast?
fermentation
what are yeast cells?
single celled eukaryotic organism
what are reactants in aerobic respiration?
glucose and oxygen
what are reactants in anaerobic respiration?
glucose
what are products in animals in aerobic respiration?
carbon dioxide and water
what are products in animals in anaerobic respiration?
lactic acid
what are products in yeast cells in aerobic respiration?
carbon dioxide and water
what are products in yeast cells in anaerobic respiration?
ethanol and carbon dioxide
how much energy is released in aerobic respiration?
more energy than anaerobic
how much energy is released in anaerobic respiration?
no energy
how does glucose move in the body?
by diffusion
what happens to our muscles when we exercise?
they contract more often
what happens when we exercise? (6)
muscle cells need more energy
cells carry out more respiration
cells need more glucose and oxygen
blood flows at a faster rate
heart rate increases
breathing rate and breathing volume increases - increases supply of oxygen
what happens during vigorous exercise? (4)
body cant supply muscle cells with enough oxygen
cells respire anaerobically
build up of lactic acid
muscle fatigue
what is the recovery period of heart and breathing rates?
when there is oxygen debt
what is oxygen debt?
when there is an extra amount of nitrogen dioxide your body needs after exercise
what happens when lactic acid enters the blood?
it is transported to the liver where it is converted back into glucose
where in the cell does aerobic respiration take place?
mitochondria
is respiration an endothermic or an exothermic reaction?
exothermic
what is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in humans?
glucose = lactic acid
how does the body get rid of lactic acid? (2)
oxygen reacts with lactic acid to make CO2 and water
lactic acid is converted into glucose in the liver
which type of respiration transfers the most energy?
aerobic
what is metabolism?
sum of all chemical reactions that happen in a cell or in the body
what are some examples or metabolism? (3)
respiration- breaking down glucose
excess protein broken down into urea then excreted into urine
big molecules broken down into small molecules
