organisation Flashcards
what is a tissue?
a group of cells
what is an organ?
a group of tissues
what is a system?
a group of organs
what is an organism?
a group of systems
what is an organelle in an animal and a plant?
animal- nucleus
plant- chloroplast
what is a cell in an animal and a plant?
animal- muscle cell
plant- pallisade cell
what is a tissue in an animal and a plant?
animal- muscle
plant- pallisade mesophyll
what is an organ in an animal and a plant?
animal- heart
plant- leaf
what is an organ system in an animal and a plant?
animal- cardiovascular system
plant- branch
what is an organism in an animal and a plant?
animal- human
plant- oak tree
what does muscular tissue in the stomach do?
churns the food
what does glandular tissue in the stomach do?
excretes juices
what does epithelial tissue in the stomach do?
covers the inside and outside of the organ
what do lungs exchange?
gas
what do small intestines exchange?
digested food into blood
what do kidneys exchange?
filter the blood and exchange dissolved substances in and out
what are traits that organs have? (4)
increased surface area for diffusion
thin membranes to allow diffusion
good blood supply
increased concentration gradient across membranes
what is the substrate and product for protease?
substrate- protein
product- amino acid
what is the substrate and product for lipase?
substrate- lipids/fats
product- fatty acid
what is the substrate and product for amylase?
substrate- starch
product- glucose
what is the function and product of the mouth?
breaks down food into smaller pieces to fit down the throat- amylase
what is the function and product of the oesophagus?
the tube that connects your mouth to the stomach- no chemicals
what is the function and product of the stomach?
container for food where it is broken down- protease
what is the function and product of the liver?
helps digestion by making a chemical to neutralise stomach acid- bile
what is the function and product of the gall bladder?
storage for the liver, it holds bile until it is ready to be released into small intestine- no chemicals
what is the function and product of the pancreas?
makes new enzymes to help digestion in the small intestine- lipase and protease
what is the function and product of the small intestine?
12 metres long and absorbs nutrients from food uses chemicals elsewhere- no chemicals
what is the function and product of the large intestine?
holds faeces (poo) until you are ready to go to the toilet and absorbs water from poo- no chemicals
what is the function and product of the anus?
where faeces (poo) leaves your body- no chemicals
what is an enzyme?
they speed reactions by lowering the activation energy
what is a catalyst?
they increase the rate at which something breaks down
what’s a substrate?
what the enzyme breaks down
what is the food test for starch and what colour does it change?
iodine- blue/black
what is the food test for protein and what colour does it change?
biuret- purple
what is the food test for sugar and what colour does it change?
benedicts (heated)- brick red
what is the food test for fats and what colour does it change?
emulsion with ethanol- cloudy
what pH does protease work at its optimum?
1-2
what pH does amylase work at its optimum?
6-7
what pH does lipase work at its optimum?
11-12
what temperature do enzymes work best at?
body temperature - 37 degrees
how are fats broken down?
they are broken down by lipase
