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Comparative Anatomy And Physiology Of Animals > Respiration > Flashcards

Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

Composition of air- nitrogen

A

78%

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2
Q

Composition of air- oxygen

A

21%

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3
Q

Composition of air- carbon dioxide

A

0.04%

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4
Q

Partial pressure of O2 at sea level

A

21.2 kPa
101KPa x 0.21

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5
Q

Pressure equation

A

p = ma/A
p= 101KPa

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6
Q

Diffusion definition

A

A physical process by which ions of molecules move from a region of greater concentration to a region of lesser concentration

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7
Q

Fick’s law

A

R = D x A (p/d)

R - rate of diffusion
D- diffusion constant
A - area
p- difference in partial pressures between interior of organism and external environment
d - diffusion distance

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8
Q

Factors that increase diffusion

A

Large surface area
Small diffusion distance
High concentration gradient

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9
Q

What is required for gas exchange

A

A moist surface- O2 and CO2 must be dissolved in water to diffuse across a membrane

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10
Q

Value of PCO2 at sea level and high elevation

A

Close to 0

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11
Q

The respiratory medium - air

A

About 21% O2
Thinner at higher altitudes
Easy to ventilate

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12
Q

Respiratory medium - water

A

O2 amount much less than air (0.0015%)
O2 lower in warmer water
Harder to ventilate

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13
Q

What is the better respiratory medium

A

Air>water
8000 times better

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14
Q

What does the structure of the gas exchange surface depend on

A

Size of organism
Where it lives- water or land
Metabolic demands of the organism

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15
Q

Characteristics of gas exchange surfaces

A

Large surface area
Small diffusion distance
Moist
Favourable concentration gradient

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16
Q

Respiration in mollusca- snails

A

Snails have open circulatory system
Transport fluid is hemolymph
Hemocyanin is present in the hemolymph as the respiratory pigment that transports O2

17
Q

What is the respiratory pigment in mollusca- snails

A

Hemocyanin

18
Q

What is the transport fluid in mollusca-snails

A

Hemolymph

19
Q

What is the respiratory protein family Planorbidae (snails and slugs)

A

Hemoglobin

20
Q

Gas exchange in Annelida - earthworms

A

Takes place through the skin
May occur through gill filaments in some aquatic forms
O2 directly transported in the blood by either hemoglobin or chlorocruorin

21
Q

Respiratory pigment in Annelida- earthworms

A

Hemoglobin or chlorocruorin

22
Q

Gas exchange system of arthopoda- arachnids

A

Open circulatory system
O2 and CO2 carried in spider hemolymph by Hemocyanin
Respiratory organs- trachea and book lungs

23
Q

Respiratory organs of Arthropoda - arachnids

A

Trachea
Book lungs

24
Q

Respiratory pigment in arthopoda- arachnids

A

Hemocyanin

25
Q

Gas exchange system in arthopoda- crustaceans

A

Gills protected by exoskeleton- feather like and attached to basal segments of the legs
Open circulatory system
Respiratory system is Hemocyanin

26
Q

Respiratory medium in crustaceans

A

Hemocyanin

27
Q

Gas exchange in insects eg locust and cockroaches

A

Simple tracheae with valved spiracles

28
Q

Gas exchange system in insects eg mosquito larvae

A

Metapneustic system with only terminal spiracles

29
Q

Gas exchange system in insects eg most endoparasitic larvae

A

Entirely closed tracheal system with cutaneous gas exchange

30
Q

Gas exchange in insects eg larvae of carrion and some parasitic flies

A

A tracheal system with only terminal spiracles

31
Q

Biological gills

A

Tracheated cuticular lamellar extensions from the body

32
Q

Gas exchange in insects eg mayfly nymphs

A

Closed tracheal system with abdominal tracheal gills

33
Q

Effect of temperature on oxygen solubility in water

A

O2 becomes less soluble as temperature increases
Ectotherms (aquatic animal) need more O2 when temperature rises as their metabolic rate rises

34
Q

Gas exchange in insects eg dragonfly nymphs

A

Closed tracheal system with rectal tracheal gills

35
Q

Physical gills

A

An adaptation common among some types of aquatic insects, which holds atmospheric oxygen in a respiratory area which does not have gills but have spiracles

36
Q

Why is p= 101KPa

A

= 10300kg x 9.81 m/s^2 / 1 m^2
= 101000 Kg m/s^2

1N = 1 Kg m/s^2
= 101000 N
1Pa = 1N
=101000Pa
=101KPa

37
Q

Siphon in metapneustic system

A

Contains hydrophobic hairs to prevent water entering

38
Q

Tracheal system in insects

A

Tracheoles are highly branched so reach every cell in the insect

39
Q

What is a siphon

A

tubular organ of the respiratory system of some insects that spend a significant amount of their time underwater, that serves as a breathing tube

siphon uses the water’s natural surface tension to attach for a breath

Comparative Anatomy And Physiology Of Animals (3 decks)

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