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Biology > Respiration > Flashcards

Respiration Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is respiration

A

Respiration is the chemical reaction that occurs in all living cells

It is not breathing

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2
Q

Which structures in cells are responsible for respiration

A

Mitochondria

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3
Q

What is the word equation for respiration

A

Oxygen + glucose —> carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP)

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4
Q

What is the balanced chemical equation for respiration

A

6O ₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆ —-> 6 CO₂ + 6H ₂O + Energy (ATP)

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5
Q

What are the uses for the energy produced

A

Active transport
Movement
To provide heat to keep organisms warm
Growth
Reproduction

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6
Q

Why is respiration and exothermic reaction

A

It produces energy

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7
Q

What is aerobic respiration

A

Respiration which occurs when there is a good supply of oxygen

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8
Q

What is anaerobic respiration?

A

It’s is respiration which takes place in human tissues such as muscles during strenuous exercise. The muscle cells demand more oxygen than can be supplied in the blood stream. Therefore anaerobic respiration can allow muscles to continue to function

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9
Q

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration

A

Glucose —-> lactic acid + energy

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10
Q

Why does the body still need more oxygen after strenuous exercise

A

The build up of lactic acid results in pain. Oxygen is required to break down lactic acid. This is referred to as the oxygen debt.

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11
Q

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast?

A

Glucose —> ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy

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12
Q

What is the description and function of nasal cavity

A

Cavity behind nose lined with many hairs along with having many capillaries

Air is filtered and warmed before travelling towards the lungs

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13
Q

Description and function of the trachea

A

A long tube leading from the larynx to the lungs. Held open with incomplete rings of cartilage.

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14
Q

Description and function of bronchi

A

A branch of trachea. One branch supplies each lung. Also held open with cartilage

Deliver air directly to each of the 2 lungs

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15
Q

Description and function of bronchioles

A

Smaller branching tubes of bronchi

Deliver air to all parts of the lungs

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16
Q

Description and function of the lungs

A

Spongy organs

The organs of gas exchange

17
Q

Function and description of alveoli

A

Bronchioles end in many groups of alveoli. These are microscopic air sacs with walls on,y one cell thick

The sites of gas exchange

18
Q

Description and function of diaphragm

A

A large sheet of muscle that is found at the base of the lungs dividing the thorax from the abdomen

Moves up and down during breathing

19
Q

Description and function of ribs

A

A series of curved bones that surround the thorax

Protect the delicate organs within the thorax. Also moves during breathing

20
Q

Function and description of intercostal muscles

A

Muscles found between ribs

Contract and relax, moving the rib cage during breathing

21
Q

Pleural membranes and fluid description and function

A

Membranes create a cavity surrounding the lungs (pleural cavity) containing pleural fluid

Lubricates the movement of the lungs reducing friction

22
Q

How are the alveoli adapted for gas exchange

A

Large surface area
Alveoli and blood capillaries 1 cell thick
Inner surface of alveoli are moist, allows diffusing gases to dissolve
Thin moist walls highly permeable gasses can move easily
Steep concentration gradient

23
Q

How does the model lung work

A

The rubber sheet is pulled down causing the pressure to decrease as a larger volume in the jar. This causes the balloons to inflate as the air pressure inside balloons must equal to the outside.

24
Q

What happens during breathing

A

Diaphragm contracts and flattens
Intercostal muscles contract- rib cage moves up and out
Volume of the chest cavity increases
Pressure is decreased
Air is drawn into the lungs

25
Q

What is needed for respiration in yeast experiment?

A

2 boiling tubes glass tubing bungs with holes
Carbon dioxide indicator
Sugar and water
Yeast
Oil / liquid paraffin

26
Q

Method for respiration in yeast

A
  1. Boil some water to drive off any dissolved air
  2. Dissolve a small amount of sugar in the boiled water
  3. When it cools, add yeast and stir with a glass rod
  4. Set up apparatus. Add liquid paraffin by trickling it gently down the side of the tube
  5. Leave your apparatus in a warm place.

Biology (9 decks)

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