Respiration Flashcards
What is respiration
Respiration is the chemical reaction that occurs in all living cells
It is not breathing
Which structures in cells are responsible for respiration
Mitochondria
What is the word equation for respiration
Oxygen + glucose —> carbon dioxide + water + energy (ATP)
What is the balanced chemical equation for respiration
6O ₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆ —-> 6 CO₂ + 6H ₂O + Energy (ATP)
What are the uses for the energy produced
Active transport
Movement
To provide heat to keep organisms warm
Growth
Reproduction
Why is respiration and exothermic reaction
It produces energy
What is aerobic respiration
Respiration which occurs when there is a good supply of oxygen
What is anaerobic respiration?
It’s is respiration which takes place in human tissues such as muscles during strenuous exercise. The muscle cells demand more oxygen than can be supplied in the blood stream. Therefore anaerobic respiration can allow muscles to continue to function
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration
Glucose —-> lactic acid + energy
Why does the body still need more oxygen after strenuous exercise
The build up of lactic acid results in pain. Oxygen is required to break down lactic acid. This is referred to as the oxygen debt.
What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast?
Glucose —> ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy
What is the description and function of nasal cavity
Cavity behind nose lined with many hairs along with having many capillaries
Air is filtered and warmed before travelling towards the lungs
Description and function of the trachea
A long tube leading from the larynx to the lungs. Held open with incomplete rings of cartilage.
Description and function of bronchi
A branch of trachea. One branch supplies each lung. Also held open with cartilage
Deliver air directly to each of the 2 lungs
Description and function of bronchioles
Smaller branching tubes of bronchi
Deliver air to all parts of the lungs
Description and function of the lungs
Spongy organs
The organs of gas exchange
Function and description of alveoli
Bronchioles end in many groups of alveoli. These are microscopic air sacs with walls on,y one cell thick
The sites of gas exchange
Description and function of diaphragm
A large sheet of muscle that is found at the base of the lungs dividing the thorax from the abdomen
Moves up and down during breathing
Description and function of ribs
A series of curved bones that surround the thorax
Protect the delicate organs within the thorax. Also moves during breathing
Function and description of intercostal muscles
Muscles found between ribs
Contract and relax, moving the rib cage during breathing
Pleural membranes and fluid description and function
Membranes create a cavity surrounding the lungs (pleural cavity) containing pleural fluid
Lubricates the movement of the lungs reducing friction
How are the alveoli adapted for gas exchange
Large surface area
Alveoli and blood capillaries 1 cell thick
Inner surface of alveoli are moist, allows diffusing gases to dissolve
Thin moist walls highly permeable gasses can move easily
Steep concentration gradient
How does the model lung work
The rubber sheet is pulled down causing the pressure to decrease as a larger volume in the jar. This causes the balloons to inflate as the air pressure inside balloons must equal to the outside.
What happens during breathing
Diaphragm contracts and flattens
Intercostal muscles contract- rib cage moves up and out
Volume of the chest cavity increases
Pressure is decreased
Air is drawn into the lungs
What is needed for respiration in yeast experiment?
2 boiling tubes glass tubing bungs with holes
Carbon dioxide indicator
Sugar and water
Yeast
Oil / liquid paraffin
Method for respiration in yeast
- Boil some water to drive off any dissolved air
- Dissolve a small amount of sugar in the boiled water
- When it cools, add yeast and stir with a glass rod
- Set up apparatus. Add liquid paraffin by trickling it gently down the side of the tube
- Leave your apparatus in a warm place.
