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Biology > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the 3 main components of the circulatory system

A

The blood, blood vessels and the heart

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2
Q

What is the function and structure of a red blood cell

A

Carry oxygen

Contains haemoglobin to carry oxygen. Biconcave shape to provide a large surface area for diffusion of oxygen. No nucleus to provide more space for haemoglobin.

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3
Q

Function and structure of a white blood cell

A

Define the body against disease.

Large cells which contain a nucleus. 2 types, lymphocytes- make antibodies and phagocytes- engulf and digest microorganisms.

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4
Q

What is the functions and structure of platelets

A

Converts fibrinogen to fibrin. Fibrin forms a mesh that traps blood. Important in blood clotting and scab formation.

Cell fragments (very small).

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5
Q

What is the function and structure of plasma

A

Transports blood cells, digested food molecules, carbon dioxide, urea and hormones.

Straw coloured liquid

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6
Q

What prevents cell lysis in blood

A

Salts and other chemicals in the plasma keep its concentration stable and at a concentration similar to blood cells.

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7
Q

What are the 3 main blood vessels in the body

A

Arteries, veins and capillaries.

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8
Q

What are characteristics of arteries

A

Usually carry oxygenated blood from heart to rest of body. Pulmonary artery is exception to this, carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs.

Thick walls ( with muscle and elastic fibre) to withstand high pressure.

These muscles and elastic fibres allow artery to expand and recoil with each surge of blood.

Small lumen

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9
Q

What characteristics of veins

A

Usually carry deoxygenated blood from the body back to heart. Pulmonary vein is an exception as it carries oxygenated blood from lungs to heart.

Large lumen reduces friction as blood moves through.

Blood moves at low pressure so walls are thin

Very few muscle and elastic fibres because blood does not surge through veins.

Valves present to prevent back flow of blood.

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10
Q

What are characteristics of capillaries

A

Allow the diffusion of substances between blood and body’s cells or vice versa.

Walls are one cell thick providing a thin, permeable surface for diffusion.

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11
Q

Which pair of veins and arteries move blood from heart to lungs and vice verse

A

Pulmonary

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12
Q

Which artery carries blood from the heart around the body

A

Aorta

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13
Q

Which vein carries blood from body back to heart?

A

Vena cava

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14
Q

Which pair of arteries and veins carry blood in and out of liver

A

Hepatic

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15
Q

What is the function of the hepatic portal vein

A

Carries digested food (eg, glucose and amino acids) from small intestine to liver

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16
Q

What is the function of the renal artery

A

Carries blood rich in urea to the kidneys for excretion

17
Q

What is the function of the renal vein

A

Carries purified (low in urea) blood from the kidney to the vena cava; also carbon dioxide back to heart and lungs

18
Q

What is the function of the carotid artery

A

Carrie oxygenated blood from heart to the brain

19
Q

What is the function of the jugular vein

A

Carries deoxygenated blood from brain to heart

20
Q

What are key things about the heart?

A

Unidirectional pump
Valves are present to prevent back flow of blood
The right side pumps deoxygenated blood (low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide) to the lungs
The left side pumps oxygenated blood to the organs of the body.

21
Q

What is the movement of blood through the heart

A

Deoxygenated b,do moves into right atrium through vena cava. This moves down into right ventricle and is pumped out the pulmonary artery to the lungs. Oxygenated blood from lungs moves into left atrium through pulmonary vein. Blood moves down into left ventricle and is pumped out the aorta to the rest of the body.

22
Q

Why are the ventricles thicker than the aorta

A

The ventricles have to pump blood further

23
Q

Why is the left ventricle thicker than the right ventricle

A

It has to pump blood further than the right ventricle (whole body opposed to just lungs)

24
Q

Define double circulatory system

A

Blood travels through the heart twice in one circulation of the body.

25
Q

Where does the heart itself receive blood from?

A

Coronary arteries which branch from aorta almost immediately after it leaves the heart.

26
Q

Why does regular exercise benefit the circulatory system?

A

Exercise helps strengthen the heart muscle. A stronger heart will have an increased cardiac output.

Biology (9 decks)

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