Nutrient Group, Flashcards
What is obesity caused by
Taking in too much energy
How are heart disease and strokes caused?
Build up of fatty substances called cholesterol in the walls of the arteries
How does type 2 diabetes occur
Caused by poor diet or obesity leading to the body being unable to effectively control blood sugar levels.
What elements are carbohydrates and fats made up of
Carbon hydrogen and oxygen
What elements make up proteins
Carbon hydrogen nitrogen and oxygen
What is a simple carbohydrate
Simple carbohydrates are sugars like glucose and lactose. They are fast acting source of energy like biscuits or energy bars
What is a complex carbohydrate
It’s a source of slow release energy like rice and pasta
What is cellulose
It is found in plant cell walls and cannot be digested by humans. However, as fibre, it helps the muscles of intestinal walls push food through the digestive system
What is starch
Is broken down into glucose by digestive enzymes which can be used by cells to make energy
What is glycogen
A carbohydrate store within the human body and can be converted into glucose when levels are low
What are fats/lipids
Fats are a store of energy providing double the energy that carbohydrates and proteins do.
What are fats/lipids made up of?
Fatty acids and glycerol
What is protein
Protein is used for growth and repair of cells and can be used as a source if energy if carbohydrates and fat reserves are low
What are proteins made up of
Long chains of amino acids
Which reagent is used for testing sugar
Benedict’s
Which reagent is used for texting starch
Iodine
Which reagent is used for testing protein
Biuret ( a mixture of sodium hydroxide and copper sulfate)
Which reagent is used for testing fat
Ethanol
What method is used to test for sugar
Add Benedict’s solution to the food and boil in a water bath
Method for test of starch
Add iodine reagent to food
Method for testing protein
Add biuret to food
Method for testing fat
Add ethanol to the food to dissolve fat then add water
Colour change of iodine
Yellow/brown to blue black
Colour chambers of Benedict’s
Blue to green to brick red
Colour change of biuret
Blue to lilac/purple
Colour change of ethanol
Colourless to white emulsion/ cloudy
