Respiration Flashcards
What is glucose
A fuel we get from food we eat( main one)
Where does respiration occur
In all living cells and allows our cells to do their job
What happens when glucose is burned
It release energy
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration
Glucose+oxygen goes to🧵 Carbon dioxide+water+energy
How can carbon dioxide be detected
Limewater,turns colourless to milky white
Hydrogen carbonate/bicarbonate indicator which turns
Red/orange to yellow in the presence of carbon dioxide
Red/orange to purple when carbon dioxide is removed
What proves plants breathe carbon dioxide
Germinating seeds experiment
Trachea
Tube connecting to Oesophagus
Bronchus
Leads out either way from trachea
Bronchiole
Stems from the bronchus
Alveoli
The tiny bits branch of bronchiole
Lungs
Where everything is contained
Heart
Below bronchus
What is below the heart
Diaphragm
Ribs
White dots down side
Intercostal muscles
Black dots down the side
What is in the nasal passage and what do they do
Small hairs that filter out some dust and dirt from the air
What do rib bones do
Protect the lungs and heart
What does the trachea and bronchus have and what do they do
Consist of tubes containing rings of cartilage .The cartilage will support the trachea and not allow it to collapse
What happens the indicator when carbon dioxide is removed
It goes purple
What happens the indicator when carbon dioxide is added
It turns yellow
MY RED LIP
More yellow
Red is normal
Less is purple
What is your nasal passage lined with
Small hairs
What do the Tiny hairs do
Filter out some of the dust and dirt from the air
Why are the ribs so important
Protect the lungs and heart
What do the rings of cartilage in the trachea and bronchioles
Support the trachea and not allow it to collapse
What are the small hairs line the bronchioles called and what do they do
The cilia will help trap particles of dust and dirt inside the lungs
What 2 pts can breathing be divided into
Ventilation
Gas exchange
What is ventilation and what does it consist of
Ventilation in humans is the movement of air through the nose or mouth, down the trachea through the bronchi and bronchioles and into the alveoli of the lungs.
Ventilation consists of inhaling and exhaling.
What is inhaling(breathing in)
the diaphragm contracts and flattens
the intercostal muscles contract
ribs move up and out
the volume in the chest cavity increases
the air pressure inside the chest cavity and therefore the lungs decreases.
Air is drawn into the lungs from high pressure outside to lower pressure inside .
What is exhaling(breathing out)
the diaphragm relaxes and domes up
the intercostal muscles relax
the rib cage moves down and in
the volume of the chest cavity is decreased
the air pressure inside the chest cavity is increased above atmospheric air pressure
air id forced out
What happens the diaphragm ans rib cage when we breathe
When we inhale the diaphragm moves down and the rib cage moves up and out
When we exhale the diaphragm moves up and the rib cage moves down and out
Glass tube A
Trachea
Bell jar
Chest
Glass tube b
Bronchi/bronchus
Ballons
Lungs
Rubber sheet
Diaphragm
What about the bell jar is similar to our lungs
2 ballons in bell jar 2 lungs in us
2 tubes and 2 bronchi
Trachea is present
Diaphragm is moveable
What is different about the bell jar to our lungs
No ribs,and ribs don’t move even though actually do .No alveoli
Why does the bell jar have to be airtight
To enable the volume and pressure changes which enables air to be drawn in or out of the ballons /lungs
What happens the volume in jar x when the rubber sheet(diaphragm) is pulled down
Volume increases
What happens to the pressure in the jar x when the rubber sheet(diaphragm) is pulled down
Pressure decreases
What happens when the volume increases
The air pressure inside becomes lower than the air around it because it wants to equalise the pressure
What colour change takes place when water vapour touches cobalt chloride paper
Blue to pink
What type of air is most humid
Exhaled
What reaction produces water as a waster product
Respiration
By how much does humidity increase
By 50%
Exhaled air is
Contains more water and is warmer
How much of gas to you breathe in and out
Oxygen:21% in/16% out
Carbon dioxide/0.04% in /4% out
Nitrogen/78%/ in /78% out
Water vapour/a little in/a lot out
A small object has a
Larger surface area to volume ratio.This means that it’s surface area is large compared to its volume
A large object has
A smaller surface area to volume ratio.This means that it’s surface area is small compared to its volume
What does the diffusion of gas on alveoli depend on
Large surface area
The larger the surface area, the more gas can diffuse. Breathing in deeper lets the air get to more alveoli and so more oxygen can diffuse into the blood.
- Short distance.
The walls of the alveoli and the blood capillaries are very thin and close together so that diffusion can happen very quickly.
- Diffusion gradient
Gases move faster when there is a bigger difference in concentrations. Breathing adds the oxygen to the alveoli and the blood stream takes it away.
Alveoli are adapted to carry out gas exchange efficiently
have thin, moist walls so that gases can pass through them.
They are also surrounded by many blood capillaries.
Are very small, only 0.2mm in diameter and give the lungs a spongy texture and an enormous surface area
What is gas exchange and size of alveoli
Gas exchange is the diffusion of oxygen from the alveolus into the blood and the diffusion of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction – from the blood to the alveolus. Blood flows into the lungs from the body. It carries carbon dioxide produced by respiration in all the cells of the body. Carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the alveoli.
Alveoli are 72m2
How does surface area increase without sizing increasing
Instead of one large balloon.The lungs are divided up into into millions of small balloons called alveoli,This increases the SA:V ration and the increases the rate gas exchange,
What is asthma
A condition in bronchial tubes were they swollen or enflâmes.
Narrowed tubes cause wheezing
Triggers like and dust and chemicals bring on attacks
Triggers irate lining,it become swollen and muscus thickens body cannot remove it and it blocks the airways
How is asthma treated
Many of you may have asthma and use inhalers to relieve the symptoms. You have a brown inhaler – the preventer. and a blue inhaler– the reliever. The inhalers work by putting a fine spray of chemical around the air tubes inside the lungs – this makes the muscles relax and makes breathing easier.
What are 4 main chemicals amongst 1000 others in cigarettes
Nicotine
Tar
Carbon monoxide
Ammonia
How many cigarettes worth of nicotine would kill u all at once
2
Nicotine
Colourless chemical
Powerful poison
Addictive
Affects heart, blood vessels and nervous system
Narrows of coronary arteries
Increases the risk if blood clots.
Tar
Sticky brown substance
Causes bronchitis, emphysema, cancer
Stains teeth and fingers yellow
Collects in the lungs
Carbon monoxide
Odourless gas
Binds to red blood cells better than oxygen
Ammonia
Strong smelling
Normally used as a cleaning fluid.
Smokers bronchitis
swollen lining of bronchiole due to irritation by bacteria
and smoke
air flow
restricted
Smokers cough
In smoker: Cilia stopped from beating so mucus is not moved out
of the lungs.
Carbon monoxide poisoning
Carbon monoxide in smoke binds with haemoglobin in red blood cells.less oxygen can be carried in the blood
Cancer in smoker
Cancer Cells in alveoli can divide rapidly to form a lump. This is a cancer due to
tar in the smoke.
Emphysema
Breaks down alveolus walls decreasing the surface area
