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Biology Y9 > Respiration > Flashcards

Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

What is glucose

A

A fuel we get from food we eat( main one)

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2
Q

Where does respiration occur

A

In all living cells and allows our cells to do their job

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3
Q

What happens when glucose is burned

A

It release energy

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4
Q

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration

A

Glucose+oxygen goes to🧵 Carbon dioxide+water+energy

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5
Q

How can carbon dioxide be detected

A

Limewater,turns colourless to milky white
Hydrogen carbonate/bicarbonate indicator which turns
Red/orange to yellow in the presence of carbon dioxide
Red/orange to purple when carbon dioxide is removed

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6
Q

What proves plants breathe carbon dioxide

A

Germinating seeds experiment

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7
Q

Trachea

A

Tube connecting to Oesophagus

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8
Q

Bronchus

A

Leads out either way from trachea

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9
Q

Bronchiole

A

Stems from the bronchus

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10
Q

Alveoli

A

The tiny bits branch of bronchiole

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11
Q

Lungs

A

Where everything is contained

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12
Q

Heart

A

Below bronchus

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13
Q

What is below the heart

A

Diaphragm

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14
Q

Ribs

A

White dots down side

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15
Q

Intercostal muscles

A

Black dots down the side

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16
Q

What is in the nasal passage and what do they do

A

Small hairs that filter out some dust and dirt from the air

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17
Q

What do rib bones do

A

Protect the lungs and heart

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18
Q

What does the trachea and bronchus have and what do they do

A

Consist of tubes containing rings of cartilage .The cartilage will support the trachea and not allow it to collapse

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19
Q

What happens the indicator when carbon dioxide is removed

A

It goes purple

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20
Q

What happens the indicator when carbon dioxide is added

A

It turns yellow

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21
Q

MY RED LIP

A

More yellow
Red is normal
Less is purple

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22
Q

What is your nasal passage lined with

A

Small hairs

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23
Q

What do the Tiny hairs do

A

Filter out some of the dust and dirt from the air

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24
Q

Why are the ribs so important

A

Protect the lungs and heart

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25
Q

What do the rings of cartilage in the trachea and bronchioles

A

Support the trachea and not allow it to collapse

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26
Q

What are the small hairs line the bronchioles called and what do they do

A

The cilia will help trap particles of dust and dirt inside the lungs

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27
Q

What 2 pts can breathing be divided into

A

Ventilation
Gas exchange

28
Q

What is ventilation and what does it consist of

A

Ventilation in humans is the movement of air through the nose or mouth, down the trachea through the bronchi and bronchioles and into the alveoli of the lungs.

Ventilation consists of inhaling and exhaling.

29
Q

What is inhaling(breathing in)

A

the diaphragm contracts and flattens
the intercostal muscles contract
ribs move up and out
the volume in the chest cavity increases
the air pressure inside the chest cavity and therefore the lungs decreases.
Air is drawn into the lungs from high pressure outside to lower pressure inside .

30
Q

What is exhaling(breathing out)

A

the diaphragm relaxes and domes up
the intercostal muscles relax
the rib cage moves down and in
the volume of the chest cavity is decreased
the air pressure inside the chest cavity is increased above atmospheric air pressure
air id forced out

31
Q

What happens the diaphragm ans rib cage when we breathe

A

When we inhale the diaphragm moves down and the rib cage moves up and out
When we exhale the diaphragm moves up and the rib cage moves down and out

32
Q

Glass tube A

A

Trachea

33
Q

Bell jar

A

Chest

34
Q

Glass tube b

A

Bronchi/bronchus

35
Q

Ballons

A

Lungs

36
Q

Rubber sheet

A

Diaphragm

37
Q

What about the bell jar is similar to our lungs

A

2 ballons in bell jar 2 lungs in us
2 tubes and 2 bronchi
Trachea is present
Diaphragm is moveable

38
Q

What is different about the bell jar to our lungs

A

No ribs,and ribs don’t move even though actually do .No alveoli

39
Q

Why does the bell jar have to be airtight

A

To enable the volume and pressure changes which enables air to be drawn in or out of the ballons /lungs

40
Q

What happens the volume in jar x when the rubber sheet(diaphragm) is pulled down

A

Volume increases

41
Q

What happens to the pressure in the jar x when the rubber sheet(diaphragm) is pulled down

A

Pressure decreases

42
Q

What happens when the volume increases

A

The air pressure inside becomes lower than the air around it because it wants to equalise the pressure

43
Q

What colour change takes place when water vapour touches cobalt chloride paper

A

Blue to pink

44
Q

What type of air is most humid

A

Exhaled

45
Q

What reaction produces water as a waster product

A

Respiration

46
Q

By how much does humidity increase

A

By 50%

47
Q

Exhaled air is

A

Contains more water and is warmer

48
Q

How much of gas to you breathe in and out

A

Oxygen:21% in/16% out
Carbon dioxide/0.04% in /4% out
Nitrogen/78%/ in /78% out
Water vapour/a little in/a lot out

49
Q

A small object has a

A

Larger surface area to volume ratio.This means that it’s surface area is large compared to its volume

50
Q

A large object has

A

A smaller surface area to volume ratio.This means that it’s surface area is small compared to its volume

51
Q

What does the diffusion of gas on alveoli depend on

A

Large surface area

The larger the surface area, the more gas can diffuse. Breathing in deeper lets the air get to more alveoli and so more oxygen can diffuse into the blood.

  1. Short distance.

The walls of the alveoli and the blood capillaries are very thin and close together so that diffusion can happen very quickly.

  1. Diffusion gradient

Gases move faster when there is a bigger difference in concentrations. Breathing adds the oxygen to the alveoli and the blood stream takes it away.

Alveoli are adapted to carry out gas exchange efficiently
have thin, moist walls so that gases can pass through them.
They are also surrounded by many blood capillaries.
Are very small, only 0.2mm in diameter and give the lungs a spongy texture and an enormous surface area

52
Q

What is gas exchange and size of alveoli

A

Gas exchange is the diffusion of oxygen from the alveolus into the blood and the diffusion of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction – from the blood to the alveolus. Blood flows into the lungs from the body. It carries carbon dioxide produced by respiration in all the cells of the body. Carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the alveoli.
Alveoli are 72m2

53
Q

How does surface area increase without sizing increasing

A

Instead of one large balloon.The lungs are divided up into into millions of small balloons called alveoli,This increases the SA:V ration and the increases the rate gas exchange,

54
Q

What is asthma

A

A condition in bronchial tubes were they swollen or enflâmes.
Narrowed tubes cause wheezing
Triggers like and dust and chemicals bring on attacks
Triggers irate lining,it become swollen and muscus thickens body cannot remove it and it blocks the airways

55
Q

How is asthma treated

A

Many of you may have asthma and use inhalers to relieve the symptoms. You have a brown inhaler – the preventer. and a blue inhaler– the reliever. The inhalers work by putting a fine spray of chemical around the air tubes inside the lungs – this makes the muscles relax and makes breathing easier.

56
Q

What are 4 main chemicals amongst 1000 others in cigarettes

A

Nicotine
Tar
Carbon monoxide
Ammonia

57
Q

How many cigarettes worth of nicotine would kill u all at once

A

2

58
Q

Nicotine

A

Colourless chemical
Powerful poison
Addictive
Affects heart, blood vessels and nervous system
Narrows of coronary arteries
Increases the risk if blood clots.

59
Q

Tar

A

Sticky brown substance
Causes bronchitis, emphysema, cancer
Stains teeth and fingers yellow
Collects in the lungs

60
Q

Carbon monoxide

A

Odourless gas
Binds to red blood cells better than oxygen

61
Q

Ammonia

A

Strong smelling
Normally used as a cleaning fluid.

62
Q

Smokers bronchitis

A

swollen lining of bronchiole due to irritation by bacteria
and smoke

air flow
restricted

63
Q

Smokers cough

A

In smoker: Cilia stopped from beating so mucus is not moved out
of the lungs.

64
Q

Carbon monoxide poisoning

A

Carbon monoxide in smoke binds with haemoglobin in red blood cells.less oxygen can be carried in the blood

65
Q

Cancer in smoker

A

Cancer Cells in alveoli can divide rapidly to form a lump. This is a cancer due to
tar in the smoke.

66
Q

Emphysema

A

Breaks down alveolus walls decreasing the surface area

Biology Y9 (8 decks)

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