Respiration Flashcards
What is respiration?
Respiration is a catabolic process within cells whereby biomolecules like glucose are broken down with the release of energy.
What is external respiration?
Another name for breathing.
The process of taking air in and out of the lungs.
What is aerobic respiration?
The controlled release of energy from food with the use of oxygen.
What is anaerobic respiration?
The release of energy from food with no use of oxygen.
What is fermentation?
The anaerobic respiration of sugar. Occurs in: Muscles lacking oxygen. Yeast. Some bacteria.
What is the cell cytosol?
The liquid part of the cytoplasm which contains no suspended organelles.
What is metabolism?
The sum of all the chemical reactions taking place in a living organism.
What are anabolic reactions?
Provide suitable examples.
Involve the building up of smaller more simpler molecules into larger more complex ones. Requires energy. Examples: Photosynthesis. Protein synthesis. DNA replication.
What are catabolic reactions?
Provide suitable examples.
Involve the breakdown of larger more complex molecules into smaller more simpler ones. Releases energy. Examples: Respiration. Digestion.
What are biomolecules?
Chemicals that contain carbon and are formed inside living things. Examples: Proteins. Carbohydrates. Lipids. Vitamins.
What is an energy carrier?
A molecule that traps and transfers energy.
What does ADP stand for?
Adenosine Diphosphate.
How is the structure of ADP formed?
The base adenine combines with the sugar ribose(5C) to form adenosine.
It then connects with 2 phosphates which have a low energy unstable bond.
What is the role of ADP?
It is a low energy carrier.
It traps energy and combines with a phosphate forming ATP.
What is phosphorylation?
The process of adding a phosphate to a molecule.
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine Triphosphate.
How is the structure of ATP formed?
The base adenine combines with the sugar ribose(5C) to form adenosine.
It then connects with 3 phosphates which have a high energy unstable bond.
What is the role of ATP?
It is a high energy carrier and an energy store.
When broken down it releases energy and ADP.
What is the role of energy recycling in ADP and ATP?
The energy released during the breakdown of ATP is equal to the energy required to build ATP from ADP and P.
Explain briefly the role of ATP in the energy exchanges of a cell.
The P—P bond stores the energy.
When broken down ATP forms ADP and releases energy.
What is the advantage to a cell using ATP as an energy store?
Energy is released in substantial quantities.
Energy is easily recycled.
What does NAD stand for?
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide.
What is the role of NAD?
It is a low energy carrier.
It captures 2 energised electrons and a hydrogen ion, producing NADH.
What is the organelle of aerobic respiration?
The mitochondria.
What is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy.
What is the requirement of aerobic respiration?
Requires oxygen.
What stages are involved in aerobic respiration?
Stage 1- Glycolysis.
Stage 2- Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport System.
What are the products of aerobic respiration?
Carbon Dioxide.
Water.
What energy yield does aerobic respiration have?
A high energy yield.
What is the requirement of anaerobic respiration?
Does not use oxygen.
What stages are involved in anaerobic respiration?
Stage 1- Glycolysis.
What are the products of anaerobic respiration in muscle?
2 Lactic acid.
What are the products of anaerobic respiration in yeast?
2 Ethanol.
2 Carbon dioxide.
What energy yield does anaerobic respiration have?
Low energy yield.
