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Biology > Respiration > Flashcards

Respiration Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is respiration?

A

Respiration is a catabolic process within cells whereby biomolecules like glucose are broken down with the release of energy.

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2
Q

What is external respiration?

A

Another name for breathing.

The process of taking air in and out of the lungs.

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3
Q

What is aerobic respiration?

A

The controlled release of energy from food with the use of oxygen.

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4
Q

What is anaerobic respiration?

A

The release of energy from food with no use of oxygen.

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5
Q

What is fermentation?

A 
The anaerobic respiration of sugar.
Occurs in:
Muscles lacking oxygen.
Yeast.
Some bacteria.
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6
Q

What is the cell cytosol?

A

The liquid part of the cytoplasm which contains no suspended organelles.

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7
Q

What is metabolism?

A

The sum of all the chemical reactions taking place in a living organism.

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8
Q

What are anabolic reactions?

Provide suitable examples.

A 
Involve the building up of smaller more simpler molecules into larger more complex ones.
Requires energy.
Examples:
Photosynthesis.
Protein synthesis.
DNA replication.
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9
Q

What are catabolic reactions?

Provide suitable examples.

A 
Involve the breakdown of larger more complex molecules into smaller more simpler ones.
Releases energy.
Examples:
Respiration.
Digestion.
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10
Q

What are biomolecules?

A 
Chemicals that contain carbon and are formed inside living things.
Examples:
Proteins.
Carbohydrates.
Lipids.
Vitamins.
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11
Q

What is an energy carrier?

A

A molecule that traps and transfers energy.

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12
Q

What does ADP stand for?

A

Adenosine Diphosphate.

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13
Q

How is the structure of ADP formed?

A

The base adenine combines with the sugar ribose(5C) to form adenosine.
It then connects with 2 phosphates which have a low energy unstable bond.

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14
Q

What is the role of ADP?

A

It is a low energy carrier.

It traps energy and combines with a phosphate forming ATP.

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15
Q

What is phosphorylation?

A

The process of adding a phosphate to a molecule.

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16
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate.

17
Q

How is the structure of ATP formed?

A

The base adenine combines with the sugar ribose(5C) to form adenosine.
It then connects with 3 phosphates which have a high energy unstable bond.

18
Q

What is the role of ATP?

A

It is a high energy carrier and an energy store.

When broken down it releases energy and ADP.

19
Q

What is the role of energy recycling in ADP and ATP?

A

The energy released during the breakdown of ATP is equal to the energy required to build ATP from ADP and P.

20
Q

Explain briefly the role of ATP in the energy exchanges of a cell.

A

The P—P bond stores the energy.

When broken down ATP forms ADP and releases energy.

21
Q

What is the advantage to a cell using ATP as an energy store?

A

Energy is released in substantial quantities.

Energy is easily recycled.

22
Q

What does NAD stand for?

A

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide.

23
Q

What is the role of NAD?

A

It is a low energy carrier.

It captures 2 energised electrons and a hydrogen ion, producing NADH.

24
Q

What is the organelle of aerobic respiration?

A

The mitochondria.

25
Q

What is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy.

26
Q

What is the requirement of aerobic respiration?

A

Requires oxygen.

27
Q

What stages are involved in aerobic respiration?

A

Stage 1- Glycolysis.

Stage 2- Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport System.

28
Q

What are the products of aerobic respiration?

A

Carbon Dioxide.

Water.

29
Q

What energy yield does aerobic respiration have?

A

A high energy yield.

30
Q

What is the requirement of anaerobic respiration?

A

Does not use oxygen.

31
Q

What stages are involved in anaerobic respiration?

A

Stage 1- Glycolysis.

32
Q

What are the products of anaerobic respiration in muscle?

A

2 Lactic acid.

33
Q

What are the products of anaerobic respiration in yeast?

A

2 Ethanol.

2 Carbon dioxide.

34
Q

What energy yield does anaerobic respiration have?

A

Low energy yield.

Biology (36 decks)

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