Immunity(Complete) Flashcards
What is induced immunity?
The persons ability to resist infections caused by pathogens by producing antibodies.
What are the 2 types of induced immunity and briefly describe them.
Active immunity- developed after infection or vaccination.
Passive immunity- person is given antibodies, through breastmilk or by anti- tetanus injection.
Fully describe active immunity.
Antibodies are produced by b lymphocytes after infection or vaccination.
Long term immunity as memory B cells are formed.
Fully describe passive immunity.
The person is given antibodies made by another organism to fight a disease.
Short term immunity as no memory B cells are produced and antibodies are not produced by body cells.
What is natural passive immunity?
Antibodies are carried from the mother to the foetus through the placenta.
Antibodies are present in colostrum (first milk) during breastfeeding.
What is artificial passive immunity?
The person is given antibodies made by other organisms and immunity is immediate.
Example- anti-tetanus injections.
What is tetanus?
A disease caused by bacteria entering deep wounds.
Usually found in cattle and horse manure.
Anti- tetanus injections are given to treat it.
What is natural active immunity?
After an infection, a persons body produces the necessary antibodies.
What is the example of artificial active immunity?
Vaccination.
What is a vaccine?
A non- disease causing dose of a pathogen.
How does a vaccination result in immunity?
Write a note on vaccinations.
The part of the antigen is introduced to the body by injection.
This stimulates the b lymphocytes to produce antibodies.
This results in long lasting immunity.
It promotes the production of memory B cells and prevents the spread of disease.
If the disease were to return, a large number of antibodies would appear immediately to fight off the infection.
Name 3 types of vaccines.
BCG- to treat tuberculosis.
HPV- cervical cancer.
MMR- measles, mumps and rubella.
What are the suitable materials for a vaccine?
A dead pathogen.
An isolated antigen with no pathogen.
Under what circumstances might an antibody, rather than a vaccination be given.
If infection has already occurred.
If no vaccines are available.
Describe the primary immune response.
Slowed action as no memory B cells.
The b lymphocytes have to produce antibodies.
