Blood Vessels(Complete) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the connection between body size and transport needs?

A

Unicellular animals like amoeba obtain their nutrients and oxygen from their environment by diffusion.
They dispose their wastes into the environment by diffusion.

Larger multicellular and more active animals like humans need a vascular or transport system to deliver nutrients and oxygen to tissue cells.
They remove their metabolic wastes by excretion.

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2
Q

What is a closed circulatory system?

A

In a closed circulatory system, blood is confined to blood vessels and flows in one direction only.

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3
Q

What are the advantages of a closed circulatory system?

A

Allows for faster distribution of nutrients like glucose so that the organism can be more active as it has a higher metabolic rate.

Allows for the controlled distribution of blood.
Example: During exercise, more oxygenated blood is delivered to the leg muscles for increased respiration.

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4
Q

What are the components of a closed circulatory system?

A

The Heart.
Blood Vessels.
The Blood.

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5
Q

What is an open circulatory system?

A

The heart pumps blood into open-ended blood vessels.

Blood returns to the heart through openings in the heart wall.

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6
Q

What are the disadvantages of an open circulatory system?

A

These organisms are less active as both oxygenated and deoxygenated bloods mix.

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7
Q

What are examples of animals with an open circulatory system?

A

Insects.
Snails.
Spiders.

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8
Q

What is the sequence of blood vessels from the heart to the body and back to the heart?

A

Heart- Artery- Arterioles- Capillaries- Venules- Vein- Heart.

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9
Q

What are the key features of the arteries?

A

Carry blood away from the heart.
Thicker muscular elastic walls.
No valves as they carry blood under high pressure, except pulmonary artery and aorta.
Have a pulse.
Carry oxygenated blood, except the pulmonary artery.
Smaller lumen.

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10
Q

What are the key features of the veins?

A

Carry blood towards the heart.
Thinner muscular elastic walls.
Have valves to prevent back flow of blood as pressure is low.
Veins carry blood against the force of gravity back to the heart.
No pulse.
Carry deoxygenated blood, expect the pulmonary vein.
Larger lumen.

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11
Q

What is an arteriole?

A

They are the smallest arteries which branch to form capillaries.

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12
Q

What is the role of the arteriole?

A

To regulate blood flow and pressure.

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13
Q

What is a venule?

A

They are small veins that are formed when capillaries join together.

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14
Q

What is the role of the venule?

A

To drain blood from capillaries into veins for return to the heart.

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15
Q

What is the structure and function of collagen?

A

Structure- tough inelastic protein.

Function- reinforces the vessel wall by preventing over expansion.

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16
Q

What is the structure and function of muscle tissue?

A

Structure- involuntary, contains smooth muscle which contracts slowly and is slow to tire.
Function- Can change the diameter of the vessel so it can alter blood pressure and volume of the blood.

17
Q

What is the function of the elastic tissue?

A

Allows for recoil allowing the vessel to return to its original size.

18
Q

What is the function of the endothelium?

A

Has a smooth low friction surface which eases blood flow through the vessel.

19
Q

What is the function of the lumen?

A

Central blood filled layer.

20
Q

Briefly describe how blood is moved through veins.

A

Valves in veins prevent back flow- this ensures that blood flows towards the heart.
Skeletal muscle contract and compress the thin walled veins to keep blood moving forward.

21
Q

Name the blood vessels that connect the arterial and venous systems.

A

The capillaries.

22
Q

What is a capillary?

A

Capillaries are thin walled, highly branched permeable blood vessels.

23
Q

Describe the structure of the capillary.

A

The walls are one cell thick and permeable.
They have no valve or pulse.
The lumen is very narrow.

24
Q

What are the functions of the capillaries?

A

They allow for the exchange of materials between blood and tissue cells as the walls are permeable.
They carry blood from the arteries to the veins- they carry both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

25
Q

What are the adaptations of the capillaries and their advantages?

A

The walls are one cell thick- There is a shorter diffusion distance for exchange.
They provide a large surface area- Allow faster exchange by diffusion.
They have a slow blood flow- Allow more time for exchange.