Respi Physio

Question 1

Conducting zone

Answer 1

Nose to terminal bronchioles

Question 2

Air from nose to terminal bronchioles that does not undergo gas exchange

Answer 2

Anatomic dead space

Question 3

Normal anatomic dead space

Answer 3

150 ml

Question 4

Air in the respiratory unit of the lung that doesn’t undergo gas exchange

Answer 4

Alveolar dead space

Question 5

Normal alveolar dead space

Answer 5

0 ml

Question 6

Physiologic dead space is equal to

Answer 6

Anatomic + alveolar dead space

Question 7

Functional anatomic unit of the lung

Answer 7

Bronchopulmonary segments

Question 8

Respiratory unit of the lung

Answer 8

Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sacs

Question 9

Cell that Produces mucus for lubrication

Answer 9

Goblet cells

Question 10

Cell that Produces protective GAGs and metabolize airborne toxins

Answer 10

Clara cells

Question 11

Alveolar macrophages are also called

Answer 11

Dust cells

Question 12

Formula for physiologic dead space

Answer 12

TV x Paco2- Peco2
————–
Paco2

Question 13

Alveolar ventilation formula

Answer 13

(TV-PDS) x RR

Question 14

Air inspired over and above the tidal volume

Answer 14

Inspiratory reserve volume

Question 15

Lung volume used during exercise

Answer 15

Inspiratory reserve volume

Question 16

Amount of air inhaled or exhaled during the relaxed state

Answer 16

Tidal volume

Question 17

Normal tidal volume

Answer 17

500 ml

Question 18

Amount of air exhaled after expiration of tidal volume

Answer 18

Expiratory reserve volume

Question 19

Remaining air in the lungs after maximal exhalation

Answer 19

Residual volume

Question 20

Lung volumes cannot be measured by spirometry

Answer 20

RV
FRC
TLC

Question 21

Maintains oxygenation in between breaths

Answer 21

RV

Question 22

Equilibrium/ resting volume of the lung

Answer 22

FRC

Question 23

Marker for lung function

Answer 23

FRC

Question 24

Maximum volume of air that can be inhaled or exhaled

Answer 24

VC or FVC

Question 25

Which volume remains in the lungs after a tidal volume is expired?

Answer 25

FRC

Question 26

Which volume remains in the lungs after a maximal expiration?

Answer 26

RV

Question 27

In a maximal expiration, the total volume expired is

Answer 27

VC

Question 28

In obstructive lung disease, the FEV/FVC ratio is:

Answer 28

Decreased

Question 29

In restrictive lung disease, the FEV/FVC ratio is

Answer 29

Normal or increased

Question 30

Force caused by water molecules at the air liquid interface that tends to minimize surface area

Answer 30

Surface tension

Question 31

Cells that produce surfactant

Answer 31

Type 2 pneumocyted

Question 32

Active component of surfactant

Answer 32

DPPC | Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine

Question 33

Main component of surfactant

Answer 33

Water

Question 34

Test for surfactant

Answer 34

Amniotic L:S Ratio

Question 35

Effect of surfactant on lung compliance

Answer 35

Increased

Question 36

Major site of airway resistance

Answer 36

Medium sized bronchi

Question 37

Driving force for diffusion

Answer 37

Partial pressure difference

Question 38

Maximum amount of O2 that can bind to hemoglobin

Answer 38

O2 binding capacity

Question 39

Normal O2 binding capacity

Answer 39

1.34

Question 40

O2 -hemoglobin dissociation curve is ______ in shape

Answer 40

Sigmoidal

Question 41

O2 dissociation curve shifts to the right when: CABET

Answer 41

``` Increased: CO2 Acidosis BPG Exercise Temperature ```

Question 42

Decreased PaO2 but increased A-a gradient:

Answer 42

``` Diffusion defect (fibrosis) V/Q defect Right to left shunt ```

Question 43

Pulmonary blood flow when supine

Answer 43

Same through entire lung

Question 44

Pulmonary blood flow during standing

Answer 44

Lowest at apex highest at base

Question 45

Causes of pulmonary global hypoxic vasoconstriction

Answer 45

High altitude | Fetal circulation

Question 46

Leukotrienes causes

Answer 46

Bronchoconstriction

Question 47

In which vascular bed does hypoxia cause vasoconstriction?

Answer 47

Pulmonary

Question 48

Pulmonary circulation has _____ resistance compared to systemic

Answer 48

Lower

Question 49

Normal V/Q ratio

Answer 49

0.8

Question 50

V/Q is equal to zero

Answer 50

Shunt

Question 51

V/Q is infinite

Answer 51

Dead space

Question 52

High V/Q- high PO2 low PCO2 is found in

Answer 52

Lung apex

Question 53

Part of the brain that created the basic respiratory rhythm

Answer 53

Medulla

Question 54

Modifies the basic respiratory rhythm

Answer 54

Pons

Question 55

Contains the apneustic and pneumotaxic centers

Answer 55

Pons

Question 56

Main respiratory center

Answer 56

DRG

Question 57

Control center for normal/resting inspiration

Answer 57

DRG

Question 58

Control center for forced inspiration and expiration

Answer 58

VRG

Question 59

Control center that shortens time for inspiration-- increased RR

Answer 59

Pneumotaxic center

Question 60

Prolongs time for inspiration

Answer 60

Apneustic center

Question 61

Central chemoreceptors are located in

Answer 61

Ventral Medulla

Question 62

Central chemoreceptors respond to

Answer 62

CSF H levels

Question 63

Peripheral chemoreceptors are found in

Answer 63

Carotid and aortic bodies

Question 64

Peripheral chemoreceptors respond to

Answer 64

PaO2 <60mmHg

Question 65

Mechanoreceptors that initiates the Hering Breuer reflex

Answer 65

Lung stretch receptors

Question 66

Mechanoreceptors found in the juxtacapillary areas and is stimulated by pulmonary capillary engorgement

Answer 66

J receptors

Question 67

Stimulation of J receptors causes

Answer 67

Rapid shallow breathing | Feeling of dyspnea

Question 68

Arterial pH during strenuous exercise: increased or decreased?

Answer 68

Decreased

Question 69

Arterial pH during moderate exercise: increased or decreased?

Answer 69

No change

Question 70

Decreased respiratory response to high altitude

Answer 70

Alveolar PO2 | Arterial PO2