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Neurophysio Flashcards

1
Q

Which adrenergic receptor produces its stimulatory effects by IP3/Ca?

A

Alpha 1

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2
Q

Which autonomic receptor is found in the CNS heart and smooth ms?

A

Cholinergic muscarinic

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3
Q

Which autonomic receptor is found in the skeletal ms?

A

Cholinergic nicotinic

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4
Q

Which autonomic receptor mediates secretion of epinephrine by the adrenal medulla?

A

Cholinergic nicotinic

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5
Q

No parasympathetic action

A

Ventricles
Blood vessels
Pregnant uterus

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6
Q

These are migrated neural cells that secrete epi and NE

A

Chromaffin cells

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7
Q

Sympathetic distribution, final neurotransmitter is ACH and final receptor is MUSCARINIC

A

Swear glands

Piloerector muscles

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8
Q

Seen in brown adipose tissue

A

B3 receptors

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9
Q

Vasomotor, respiratory, swallowing, coughing and vomiting centers

A

Medulla

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10
Q

Micturition, pneumotaxic, apneustic center

A

Pons

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11
Q

Temperature regulation, thirst, food intake

A

Hypothalamus

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12
Q

Memory recall

Relay center for sensations

A

Thalamus

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13
Q

Thalamus is the relay center for all sensations except?

A

Olfaction

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14
Q

Somatosensory cortex

A

Parietal

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15
Q

Behavior, emotions, motivation

A

Limbic

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16
Q

Sensory receptors exhibit this change in a way a receptor responds to sequential/prolonged stimulation

A

Adaptation

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17
Q

This type of smooth ms receptor detects inset and offset of stimulus

A

Phasic receptors

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18
Q

This type of smooth ms receptor is for continuous stimulus strength

A

Tonic receptors

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19
Q

Sensory nerve fiber for fast pain

A

A -delta

Type III

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20
Q

Sensory nerve fiber for slow pain

A

Type C

Type IV

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21
Q

Somatosensory pathway that uses Type 2 fibers, decussates near the medulla

For touch sensations requiring high degree of localization

A

Dorsal Column - Medial Lemniscus

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22
Q

Somatosensory pathway that uses type 3 and 4 fibers
Decussates immediately
For pain and temperature

A

Anterolateral

Spinothalamic

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23
Q

Tactile receptor located in nonhairy skin

Movement of objects and low frequency vibration

A

Meissner corpuscle

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24
Q

Tactile receptor for continuous touch and to determine texture

A

Merkel Disc

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25
Merkel discs are stacked to form
Iggo Dome receptors
26
Tactile receptor in deep skin, internal tissues and joint capsules Detects pressure and joint rotation
Ruffini
27
Onion like structure in subcutaneous and deep fascia High frequency vibration and tapping
Pacinian
28
Tactile receptor for 2 point discrimination
Merkel and Meissner
29
Largest areas in Sensory Homonculus
Fingers hands face
30
This type of retinal cell prevents light scattering Is involved in macular degeneration, retinal detachment and albinism
Pigment retinal cells
31
These cells are absent in the optic disc
Rods and cones
32
These retinal cells are interneurons and contrast detectors
Bipolar cells
33
These retinal cells maintain the internal geometry of the retina
Mueller cells
34
These are output cells of the retina
Ganglion cells
35
Cutting which structure on the left side causes total blindness on the left eye?
Optic nerve
36
Blindness in the temporal fields of both eyes?
Optic chiasm
37
Cutting which structure on right side causes blindness on the temporal field of left eye and nasal field of right eye?
Optic tract
38
Pie in the sky
Temporal | Meyers loop
39
Pie on the floor
Parietal lobe
40
Steps in photoreception of rods
``` Cis retinal --trans retinal Metarhodopsin II Transducin (g protein) Decreased cGMP Closure of Na channels Hyperpolarization Decreased glutamate release ```
41
This type of cell in visual cortex detects bars of light
Simple cells
42
This type of cell in visual cortex detects moving bars of light
Complex cells
43
This type of cell in visual cortex detects curves and angles
Hypercomplex
44
How many decibels is in conversational speech?
60dB
45
Limit to prevent occupational hearing loss
85 dB x 8 hrs x 10 years
46
Occupational hearing loss produces what type of hearing loss?
Irreversible sensorineural
47
120 dB or more produces pain and triggers?
Attenuation reflex
48
Endolymph is seen in the ______ and is high in________
Scala media Potassium EsKala media
49
Place Theory of Hearing: | Hair cells near the BASE respond to ______ frequency sounds
High frequency
50
The base of the inner ear is near the?
Oval and round windows
51
The apex of the inner ear is near the?
Helicotrema
52
What structure of the vestibular system detects angular acceleration?
Semicircular canals
53
What structure in the vestibular system detects horizontal acceleration?
Utricle
54
What structure in the vestibular system detects vertical acceleration?
Saccule
55
The only neurons capable of reproduction
Olfactory
56
Cribriform plate fracture damages CN ___ but not CN ___
CN1 | CN5
57
Anterior 2/3 of the tongue is innervated by what branch of the facial nerve
Chorda tympani
58
2nd order neuron of taste pathway
Solitary nucleus
59
2nd order neuron of olfaction
Mitral cells in olfactory bulb
60
3rd order neuron of taste
VPN of the thalamus
61
Muscle spindle AEGIS
Alpha -extrafusal | Gamma- intrafusal
62
This type of muscle spindle detects dynamic changes
Nuclear bag fibers
63
This type of muscle spindle detect static changes
Nuclear chain fibers
64
Flexor withdrawal reflex response
Ipsilateral flexion | Contra lateral extension
65
Motor pathway thay passes through the medullary pyramids and include corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts
Pyramidal tract
66
This extrapyramidal tradt stimulates flexors
Rubrospinal tract
67
This extrapyramidal pathway stimulates both flexors and extensors
Pontine reticulospinal tract
68
The medullary reticulospinal tract inhibits
Both flexors and extensors
69
The lateral vestibulospinal tract inhibits
Flexors
70
This motor pathway controls the neck muscles
Tectospina tract
71
What happens to a C7 transection?
HR and BP decreases
72
What level spinal cord does the breathing stop when injured?
C3 C3,4,5 keeps diaphragm alive
73
Lesions above the lateral vestibular nucleus produces
Decerebrate rigidity
74
Lesions between what pathway produces decorticate posturing and intact neck reflexes?
Above red nucleus
75
What later of the cerebellar cortex produces inhibitory output and regulates rate, range and direction of movement?
Purkinje cell layer?
76
Lesions in this part of the basal ganglia produces inability to maintain posture?
Globus pallidus
77
Lesions in the subthalamic nucleus produces:
Hemiballismus
78
Lesions in the _______ produces quick uncontrollable movements like those in Huntington's
Striatum
79
Lesions in the substantia nigra produces the TRAP in Parkinsons
Tremors Rigidity Akinesia Postural problems
80
Primary Motor Cortex
BA 4
81
Possible cause of sleep is the secretion of
Muramyl peptide
82
Occurs every 90 mins With active dreaming Beta waves
REM sleep
83
Newborns have ____% REM sleep
50%
84
This part is used in language for interhemispheric communication
Corpus callosum
85
Semantics is stored in what part
Lateral and anterior temporal cortex, prefrontal cortex
86
Episodic memory is stored in
Hippocampus, medial temporal cortex, neocortex
87
Is the conversion of short to long term memory
Consolidation
88
Reward center
Medial forebrain bundle
89
Punishment center
Central gray area around the cerebral aqueduct
90
The blood brain barrier is present in all areas of the brain except in
Circumventricular organs (CVO)
91
CSF produced per day
500ml
92
These are present in more in the blood than CSF
Protein Cholesterol K Ca Glucose
93
More numerous in CSF
Mg | Creatinine
94
Regulation of body temperature is mediated by the
Hypothalamus
95
Most potent heat loss mechanism
Radiation
96
This part of the hypothalamus is for heat loss
Anterior
97
Posterior hypothalamus is used for heat _____
Heat gain
98
Keeps ductus arteriosus open
PGE1
99
Prostaglandins: Increases set point temperature
PGE2
100
Malignant hyperthermia is due to defective__________ that causes overexcitation of skeletal muscles
Ryanodine receptors
101
Treatment for malignant hyperthermia
Dantrolene

Physio (8 decks)

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