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Physio > Neurophysio > Flashcards

Neurophysio Flashcards

1
Q

Which adrenergic receptor produces its stimulatory effects by IP3/Ca?

A

Alpha 1

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2
Q

Which autonomic receptor is found in the CNS heart and smooth ms?

A

Cholinergic muscarinic

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3
Q

Which autonomic receptor is found in the skeletal ms?

A

Cholinergic nicotinic

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4
Q

Which autonomic receptor mediates secretion of epinephrine by the adrenal medulla?

A

Cholinergic nicotinic

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5
Q

No parasympathetic action

A

Ventricles
Blood vessels
Pregnant uterus

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6
Q

These are migrated neural cells that secrete epi and NE

A

Chromaffin cells

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7
Q

Sympathetic distribution, final neurotransmitter is ACH and final receptor is MUSCARINIC

A

Swear glands

Piloerector muscles

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8
Q

Seen in brown adipose tissue

A

B3 receptors

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9
Q

Vasomotor, respiratory, swallowing, coughing and vomiting centers

A

Medulla

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10
Q

Micturition, pneumotaxic, apneustic center

A

Pons

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11
Q

Temperature regulation, thirst, food intake

A

Hypothalamus

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12
Q

Memory recall

Relay center for sensations

A

Thalamus

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13
Q

Thalamus is the relay center for all sensations except?

A

Olfaction

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14
Q

Somatosensory cortex

A

Parietal

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15
Q

Behavior, emotions, motivation

A

Limbic

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16
Q

Sensory receptors exhibit this change in a way a receptor responds to sequential/prolonged stimulation

A

Adaptation

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17
Q

This type of smooth ms receptor detects inset and offset of stimulus

A

Phasic receptors

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18
Q

This type of smooth ms receptor is for continuous stimulus strength

A

Tonic receptors

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19
Q

Sensory nerve fiber for fast pain

A

A -delta

Type III

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20
Q

Sensory nerve fiber for slow pain

A

Type C

Type IV

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21
Q

Somatosensory pathway that uses Type 2 fibers, decussates near the medulla

For touch sensations requiring high degree of localization

A

Dorsal Column - Medial Lemniscus

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22
Q

Somatosensory pathway that uses type 3 and 4 fibers
Decussates immediately
For pain and temperature

A

Anterolateral

Spinothalamic

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23
Q

Tactile receptor located in nonhairy skin

Movement of objects and low frequency vibration

A

Meissner corpuscle

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24
Q

Tactile receptor for continuous touch and to determine texture

A

Merkel Disc

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25
Q

Merkel discs are stacked to form

A

Iggo Dome receptors

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26
Q

Tactile receptor in deep skin, internal tissues and joint capsules
Detects pressure and joint rotation

A

Ruffini

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27
Q

Onion like structure in subcutaneous and deep fascia

High frequency vibration and tapping

A

Pacinian

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28
Q

Tactile receptor for 2 point discrimination

A

Merkel and Meissner

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29
Q

Largest areas in Sensory Homonculus

A

Fingers hands face

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30
Q

This type of retinal cell prevents light scattering

Is involved in macular degeneration, retinal detachment and albinism

A

Pigment retinal cells

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31
Q

These cells are absent in the optic disc

A

Rods and cones

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32
Q

These retinal cells are interneurons and contrast detectors

A

Bipolar cells

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33
Q

These retinal cells maintain the internal geometry of the retina

A

Mueller cells

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34
Q

These are output cells of the retina

A

Ganglion cells

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35
Q

Cutting which structure on the left side causes total blindness on the left eye?

A

Optic nerve

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36
Q

Blindness in the temporal fields of both eyes?

A

Optic chiasm

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37
Q

Cutting which structure on right side causes blindness on the temporal field of left eye and nasal field of right eye?

A

Optic tract

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38
Q

Pie in the sky

A

Temporal

Meyers loop

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39
Q

Pie on the floor

A

Parietal lobe

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40
Q

Steps in photoreception of rods

A 
Cis retinal --trans retinal
Metarhodopsin II
Transducin (g protein)
Decreased cGMP
Closure of Na channels
Hyperpolarization
Decreased glutamate release
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41
Q

This type of cell in visual cortex detects bars of light

A

Simple cells

42
Q

This type of cell in visual cortex detects moving bars of light

A

Complex cells

43
Q

This type of cell in visual cortex detects curves and angles

A

Hypercomplex

44
Q

How many decibels is in conversational speech?

A

60dB

45
Q

Limit to prevent occupational hearing loss

A

85 dB x 8 hrs x 10 years

46
Q

Occupational hearing loss produces what type of hearing loss?

A

Irreversible sensorineural

47
Q

120 dB or more produces pain and triggers?

A

Attenuation reflex

48
Q

Endolymph is seen in the ______ and is high in________

A

Scala media
Potassium

EsKala media

49
Q

Place Theory of Hearing:

Hair cells near the BASE respond to ______ frequency sounds

A

High frequency

50
Q

The base of the inner ear is near the?

A

Oval and round windows

51
Q

The apex of the inner ear is near the?

A

Helicotrema

52
Q

What structure of the vestibular system detects angular acceleration?

A

Semicircular canals

53
Q

What structure in the vestibular system detects horizontal acceleration?

A

Utricle

54
Q

What structure in the vestibular system detects vertical acceleration?

A

Saccule

55
Q

The only neurons capable of reproduction

A

Olfactory

56
Q

Cribriform plate fracture damages CN ___ but not CN ___

A

CN1

CN5

57
Q

Anterior 2/3 of the tongue is innervated by what branch of the facial nerve

A

Chorda tympani

58
Q

2nd order neuron of taste pathway

A

Solitary nucleus

59
Q

2nd order neuron of olfaction

A

Mitral cells in olfactory bulb

60
Q

3rd order neuron of taste

A

VPN of the thalamus

61
Q

Muscle spindle

AEGIS

A

Alpha -extrafusal

Gamma- intrafusal

62
Q

This type of muscle spindle detects dynamic changes

A

Nuclear bag fibers

63
Q

This type of muscle spindle detect static changes

A

Nuclear chain fibers

64
Q

Flexor withdrawal reflex response

A

Ipsilateral flexion

Contra lateral extension

65
Q

Motor pathway thay passes through the medullary pyramids and include corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts

A

Pyramidal tract

66
Q

This extrapyramidal tradt stimulates flexors

A

Rubrospinal tract

67
Q

This extrapyramidal pathway stimulates both flexors and extensors

A

Pontine reticulospinal tract

68
Q

The medullary reticulospinal tract inhibits

A

Both flexors and extensors

69
Q

The lateral vestibulospinal tract inhibits

A

Flexors

70
Q

This motor pathway controls the neck muscles

A

Tectospina tract

71
Q

What happens to a C7 transection?

A

HR and BP decreases

72
Q

What level spinal cord does the breathing stop when injured?

A

C3

C3,4,5 keeps diaphragm alive

73
Q

Lesions above the lateral vestibular nucleus produces

A

Decerebrate rigidity

74
Q

Lesions between what pathway produces decorticate posturing and intact neck reflexes?

A

Above red nucleus

75
Q

What later of the cerebellar cortex produces inhibitory output and regulates rate, range and direction of movement?

A

Purkinje cell layer?

76
Q

Lesions in this part of the basal ganglia produces inability to maintain posture?

A

Globus pallidus

77
Q

Lesions in the subthalamic nucleus produces:

A

Hemiballismus

78
Q

Lesions in the _______ produces quick uncontrollable movements like those in Huntington’s

A

Striatum

79
Q

Lesions in the substantia nigra produces the TRAP in Parkinsons

A

Tremors
Rigidity
Akinesia
Postural problems

80
Q

Primary Motor Cortex

A

BA 4

81
Q

Possible cause of sleep is the secretion of

A

Muramyl peptide

82
Q

Occurs every 90 mins
With active dreaming
Beta waves

A

REM sleep

83
Q

Newborns have ____% REM sleep

A

50%

84
Q

This part is used in language for interhemispheric communication

A

Corpus callosum

85
Q

Semantics is stored in what part

A

Lateral and anterior temporal cortex, prefrontal cortex

86
Q

Episodic memory is stored in

A

Hippocampus, medial temporal cortex, neocortex

87
Q

Is the conversion of short to long term memory

A

Consolidation

88
Q

Reward center

A

Medial forebrain bundle

89
Q

Punishment center

A

Central gray area around the cerebral aqueduct

90
Q

The blood brain barrier is present in all areas of the brain except in

A

Circumventricular organs (CVO)

91
Q

CSF produced per day

A

500ml

92
Q

These are present in more in the blood than CSF

A

Protein
Cholesterol

K
Ca
Glucose

93
Q

More numerous in CSF

A

Mg

Creatinine

94
Q

Regulation of body temperature is mediated by the

A

Hypothalamus

95
Q

Most potent heat loss mechanism

A

Radiation

96
Q

This part of the hypothalamus is for heat loss

A

Anterior

97
Q

Posterior hypothalamus is used for heat _____

A

Heat gain

98
Q

Keeps ductus arteriosus open

A

PGE1

99
Q

Prostaglandins: Increases set point temperature

A

PGE2

100
Q

Malignant hyperthermia is due to defective__________ that causes overexcitation of skeletal muscles

A

Ryanodine receptors

101
Q

Treatment for malignant hyperthermia

A

Dantrolene

Physio (8 decks)

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