Endocrine Physio Flashcards
1
Q
Hormone that inhibits prolactin
A
Dopamine
2
Q
Hormone that has a greater effect on plasma osmolarity than aldosterone
A
Vasopressin
3
Q
PTH increases active vitamin D via this enzyme
A
1 alpha hydroxylase
4
Q
The only transport that is insulin mediated
A
GLUT 4
5
Q
Most important subunit of G proteins
A
A subunit- binds with GDP or GTP
6
Q
Most common 2nd messenger system
A
cAMP
7
Q
Messenger system used by all hypothalamic hormones except CRH
A
Ip3/DAG
8
Q
Receptor mechanism for ANP and NO
A
Guanylyl cyclase
9
Q
Uses tyrosine kinase receptor
A
Insulin
IGF
10
Q
Releasing hormones 2nd messenger
A
IP3/ DAG
11
Q
Anterior pituitary gland is derived from this primitive structure
A
Oral ectoderm
12
Q
Posterior pituitaey is derived from this primitive structure
A
Neural ectoderm
13
Q
Stored and secreted in the posterior pituitary
A
ADH
Oxytocin
14
Q
Orphan hormone
A
Prolactin
15
Q
If the pituitary stalk is damaged, all anterior pituitary hormones will decrease EXCEPT
A
Prolactin
16
Q
MSH ACTH Beta lipoprotein and beta endorphin are all derived from
A
POMC
17
Q
Homologous hormones
A
GH
Prolactin
HPL
18
Q
This hormone is released in a pulsatile fashion every 2 hours
A
GH
19
Q
Nocturnal peak of GH
A
1 hour after stage 3 or 4 sleep
20
Q
Direct actions of GH
A
Increased plasma glucose (diabetogenic)
Increased protein deposition, lipolysis and IGF 1
21
Q
GH secretion requires normal plasma levels of
A
Thyroid hormones
22
Q
Happens in GH deficiency
A
Achondroplasia
23
Q
GH excess before closure of epiphysis
A
Gigantism
24
Q
Asymmetrical bone growth in excess GH
A
Acromegaly
25
Vasopressin is synthesized by
Hypothalamic supraoptic nuclei
26
Most potent stimulus for
| Vasopressin
Increased plasma osmolarity
27
Vasopressin that acts on V1 receptors causes
Vasoconstriction of arterioles
28
ADH V2 receptors act on
Kidney
29
Oxytocin is secreted by the
hypothalamic para ventricular nuclei
30
Hormone responsible for milk ejection
Oxytocin
31
Secretes calcitonin
Parafollicular cells (C cells)
32
Thyroid hormones can be stored up to
3 months
33
Iodide trapping step
Na-I- symporter causes iodide uptake
34
Transport of iodide to follicular lumen is possible using
Perdrin
35
T3 or T4?
| More protein bound
T4
36
T3 or T4?
| Longer half life
T4
37
T3 or T4?
| More active
T3
38
T3 or T4?
| Faster onset
T3
39
Condition where ingestion of large amounts of iodine reduces T3 and T4
Wolff chaikoff effect
40
Hyperthyroidism following small increased ingestion of iodine in px with endemic goiter who relocate to iodine rich areas
Jod Basedow phenomenon
41
PTU reduces synthesis of thyroid hormones becsuse it inhibits oxidation of
Iodide
42
Rate limiting step in cholesterol synthesis
Cholesterol to pregnenolone by desmolase
43
Cholesterol to pregnenolone is stimulated by
ACTH
44
Steroid hormone biosynthesis:
Blocks androgenic compounds but does not inhibit production of glucocorticoids
17 hydroxyoregnenolone to dehydroepiandrosterone
And
17 hydroxyprogesterone to androstenedione
45
Under tonic control by ACTH but separately regulated by RAAS and serum K
Aldosterone
46
Cortisol is highest during
Before waking up (8am)
47
Cortisol levels are lowest during
Evening (12mn)
48
Cortisol effect on fat
Increased lipolysis
49
Cortisol effect on bone formation
Inhibits
Through decreased synthesis of type 1 collagen
50
Hormone Increases BP, waking time and GFR
Cortisol
51
Aldosterone secreting tumor
Hypertension
Hypokalemia
Met alkalosis
Decreased renin
Conn syndrome
52
Decreased gluco and mineralocorticoids and increased androgen levels
21 beta hydroxylase deficiency
53
Decreased androgens and glucocorticoids
| Increased mineralocorticoids
17 a hydroxylase deficiency
54
In cushing syndrome the ACTH levels are
Decreased
55
In cushing disease, ACTH levels are
Increased
56
Beta cells in pancreas secrete
Insulin and Amylin
57
Pancreatic alpha cells secrete
Glucagon
58
Somatostatin is secreted by
Delta cells
59
Main stimulus of glucagon
Low blood glucose
60
2nd messenger of glucagon
cAMP
61
Stimulus for insulin secretion
High blood glucose
62
2nd messenger of insulin
Tyrosine kinase receptor
63
Half life of insulin
6 minutes
64
Packaged and secreted with endogenous insulin
C peptide
65
Pancreatic secretion that has a receptor that has 4 subunits and 2 of which has tyrosine kinase activity
Insulin
66
Component of bone for tensile strength
Collagen fibers
67
For compressional strength of bone
Bone salts
68
Cells for bone resorption
Osteoclasts
69
Cells for bone deposition
Osteoblasts
70
Active vitamin D
Calcitriol
71
Triggers for increased vitamin D
Decreased Ca, Phosphate
| Increased PTH
72
Stimulus for secretion of PTH
Low plasma Ca
| Hypomagnesemia
73
Stimulus for secretion of Calcitonin
High plasma Ca
74
Calcitonin is secreted by
Parafollicular C cells of thyroid gland
75
PTH is secreted by
Chief cells of Parathyroid gland
76
Net effect of calcium and phosphate in the presence of PTH
increased serum calcium
| Decreasd serum phosphate
77
Net effect on serum levels in the presence of Vitamin D
Increased serum calcium
| Increased serum phosphate
78
In the presence of PTH, calcium reabsorption is ______ and phosphate reabsorption is _______
Increased calcium reabsorption and decreased phosphate reabsorption
79
Sexual differentiation that is determined by sex chromosomes
Genetic sex
80
Sexual differentiation that is determined by presence of testes and ovaries
Gonadal sex
81
Sexual differentiation that is determined by internal genital tract and external genitalia
Phenotypic sex
82
Mullerian duct derivatives
Fallopian tubes
Uterus
Cervix
Vagina (upper 1/3)
83
Wolffian duct derivatives
Vas deferens
Epididymis
Seminal vesicle
84
Genital tubercle in females
Vestibular bulb
| Clitoris
85
Genital tubercle in males
Glans penis
| Corpus spongiosum/ cavernosum
86
Genital folds derivative
Labia minora
| Ventral shaft of penis
87
Genital swelling derivatives
Labia majora
| Scrotum prepuce
88
Urogenital sinus derivatives
Urethra lower vagina bartholin and skene glands
Urethra cowper gland prostate
89
Structure where sperm is stored
Vas deferens
90
Responsible for sperm nutrition
Seminal vesicle
91
Structure for semen alkalinity
Prostate gland using spermine
92
Path of semen
SEVEN UP
```
Seminiferous tubules
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Ejaculatory duct
Nothing
Urethra
Penis
```
93
Testes temperature
1-2 degrees cooler than core bdy temperature
94
Activation of sperm in the female genital tract
Capacitation
95
Neurotransmitter for erection
NO and Ach
96
Low sperm count
<20 million/ml
97
This structure secretes melatonin involved in reproduction and sex drive
Pineal gland
98
Testosterone to dihydrotestosterone is mediated by this enzyme
5 alpha reductase
99
Mediates negative feedback control of FSH secretion
Inhibin
100
Form of estrogen that is secreted by adrenal cortex and theca cell
Estrone
101
Estrogen secreted by ovaries
Estradiol
102
Estrogen secreted by placenta
Estriol
103
Catalyzes conversion of testosterone to estradiol
Aromatase
104
Estrogen predominates in this phase of menstrual cycle
Follicular phase
105
What hormone predominates in the luteal phase
Progesterone
106
LH surge is induced by this hormone
Estrogen
107
This phase in the menstrual cycle happens when there is increased vascularity and secretory activity of the endometrium
Luteal phase
108
Produced by ovarian granulosa cell and inhibits FSH secretion from anterior pituitary
Inhibin
109
Number of lifetime mature follicles
400
110
Term called for fertilized ovum implanting on uterus
Blastocyst
111
Peak HCG levels at ___ weeks AOG
9 weeks
112
Source of estrogen during the 2nd and 3rd trimester
Fetal adrenal gland fetal liver and placenta
113
Prolactin inhibits ovulation for the next 6 months due to inhibition of
GnRH
