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Physio > Endocrine Physio > Flashcards

Endocrine Physio Flashcards

1
Q

Hormone that inhibits prolactin

A

Dopamine

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2
Q

Hormone that has a greater effect on plasma osmolarity than aldosterone

A

Vasopressin

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3
Q

PTH increases active vitamin D via this enzyme

A

1 alpha hydroxylase

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4
Q

The only transport that is insulin mediated

A

GLUT 4

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5
Q

Most important subunit of G proteins

A

A subunit- binds with GDP or GTP

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6
Q

Most common 2nd messenger system

A

cAMP

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7
Q

Messenger system used by all hypothalamic hormones except CRH

A

Ip3/DAG

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8
Q

Receptor mechanism for ANP and NO

A

Guanylyl cyclase

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9
Q

Uses tyrosine kinase receptor

A

Insulin

IGF

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10
Q

Releasing hormones 2nd messenger

A

IP3/ DAG

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11
Q

Anterior pituitary gland is derived from this primitive structure

A

Oral ectoderm

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12
Q

Posterior pituitaey is derived from this primitive structure

A

Neural ectoderm

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13
Q

Stored and secreted in the posterior pituitary

A

ADH

Oxytocin

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14
Q

Orphan hormone

A

Prolactin

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15
Q

If the pituitary stalk is damaged, all anterior pituitary hormones will decrease EXCEPT

A

Prolactin

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16
Q

MSH ACTH Beta lipoprotein and beta endorphin are all derived from

A

POMC

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17
Q

Homologous hormones

A

GH
Prolactin
HPL

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18
Q

This hormone is released in a pulsatile fashion every 2 hours

A

GH

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19
Q

Nocturnal peak of GH

A

1 hour after stage 3 or 4 sleep

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20
Q

Direct actions of GH

A

Increased plasma glucose (diabetogenic)

Increased protein deposition, lipolysis and IGF 1

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21
Q

GH secretion requires normal plasma levels of

A

Thyroid hormones

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22
Q

Happens in GH deficiency

A

Achondroplasia

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23
Q

GH excess before closure of epiphysis

A

Gigantism

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24
Q

Asymmetrical bone growth in excess GH

A

Acromegaly

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25
Q

Vasopressin is synthesized by

A

Hypothalamic supraoptic nuclei

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26
Q

Most potent stimulus for

Vasopressin

A

Increased plasma osmolarity

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27
Q

Vasopressin that acts on V1 receptors causes

A

Vasoconstriction of arterioles

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28
Q

ADH V2 receptors act on

A

Kidney

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29
Q

Oxytocin is secreted by the

A

hypothalamic para ventricular nuclei

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30
Q

Hormone responsible for milk ejection

A

Oxytocin

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31
Q

Secretes calcitonin

A

Parafollicular cells (C cells)

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32
Q

Thyroid hormones can be stored up to

A

3 months

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33
Q

Iodide trapping step

A

Na-I- symporter causes iodide uptake

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34
Q

Transport of iodide to follicular lumen is possible using

A

Perdrin

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35
Q

T3 or T4?

More protein bound

A

T4

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36
Q

T3 or T4?

Longer half life

A

T4

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37
Q

T3 or T4?

More active

A

T3

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38
Q

T3 or T4?

Faster onset

A

T3

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39
Q

Condition where ingestion of large amounts of iodine reduces T3 and T4

A

Wolff chaikoff effect

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40
Q

Hyperthyroidism following small increased ingestion of iodine in px with endemic goiter who relocate to iodine rich areas

A

Jod Basedow phenomenon

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41
Q

PTU reduces synthesis of thyroid hormones becsuse it inhibits oxidation of

A

Iodide

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42
Q

Rate limiting step in cholesterol synthesis

A

Cholesterol to pregnenolone by desmolase

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43
Q

Cholesterol to pregnenolone is stimulated by

A

ACTH

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44
Q

Steroid hormone biosynthesis:

Blocks androgenic compounds but does not inhibit production of glucocorticoids

A

17 hydroxyoregnenolone to dehydroepiandrosterone

And

17 hydroxyprogesterone to androstenedione

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45
Q

Under tonic control by ACTH but separately regulated by RAAS and serum K

A

Aldosterone

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46
Q

Cortisol is highest during

A

Before waking up (8am)

47
Q

Cortisol levels are lowest during

A

Evening (12mn)

48
Q

Cortisol effect on fat

A

Increased lipolysis

49
Q

Cortisol effect on bone formation

A

Inhibits

Through decreased synthesis of type 1 collagen

50
Q

Hormone Increases BP, waking time and GFR

A

Cortisol

51
Q

Aldosterone secreting tumor

Hypertension
Hypokalemia
Met alkalosis
Decreased renin

A

Conn syndrome

52
Q

Decreased gluco and mineralocorticoids and increased androgen levels

A

21 beta hydroxylase deficiency

53
Q

Decreased androgens and glucocorticoids

Increased mineralocorticoids

A

17 a hydroxylase deficiency

54
Q

In cushing syndrome the ACTH levels are

A

Decreased

55
Q

In cushing disease, ACTH levels are

A

Increased

56
Q

Beta cells in pancreas secrete

A

Insulin and Amylin

57
Q

Pancreatic alpha cells secrete

A

Glucagon

58
Q

Somatostatin is secreted by

A

Delta cells

59
Q

Main stimulus of glucagon

A

Low blood glucose

60
Q

2nd messenger of glucagon

A

cAMP

61
Q

Stimulus for insulin secretion

A

High blood glucose

62
Q

2nd messenger of insulin

A

Tyrosine kinase receptor

63
Q

Half life of insulin

A

6 minutes

64
Q

Packaged and secreted with endogenous insulin

A

C peptide

65
Q

Pancreatic secretion that has a receptor that has 4 subunits and 2 of which has tyrosine kinase activity

A

Insulin

66
Q

Component of bone for tensile strength

A

Collagen fibers

67
Q

For compressional strength of bone

A

Bone salts

68
Q

Cells for bone resorption

A

Osteoclasts

69
Q

Cells for bone deposition

A

Osteoblasts

70
Q

Active vitamin D

A

Calcitriol

71
Q

Triggers for increased vitamin D

A

Decreased Ca, Phosphate

Increased PTH

72
Q

Stimulus for secretion of PTH

A

Low plasma Ca

Hypomagnesemia

73
Q

Stimulus for secretion of Calcitonin

A

High plasma Ca

74
Q

Calcitonin is secreted by

A

Parafollicular C cells of thyroid gland

75
Q

PTH is secreted by

A

Chief cells of Parathyroid gland

76
Q

Net effect of calcium and phosphate in the presence of PTH

A

increased serum calcium

Decreasd serum phosphate

77
Q

Net effect on serum levels in the presence of Vitamin D

A

Increased serum calcium

Increased serum phosphate

78
Q

In the presence of PTH, calcium reabsorption is ______ and phosphate reabsorption is _______

A

Increased calcium reabsorption and decreased phosphate reabsorption

79
Q

Sexual differentiation that is determined by sex chromosomes

A

Genetic sex

80
Q

Sexual differentiation that is determined by presence of testes and ovaries

A

Gonadal sex

81
Q

Sexual differentiation that is determined by internal genital tract and external genitalia

A

Phenotypic sex

82
Q

Mullerian duct derivatives

A

Fallopian tubes
Uterus
Cervix
Vagina (upper 1/3)

83
Q

Wolffian duct derivatives

A

Vas deferens
Epididymis
Seminal vesicle

84
Q

Genital tubercle in females

A

Vestibular bulb

Clitoris

85
Q

Genital tubercle in males

A

Glans penis

Corpus spongiosum/ cavernosum

86
Q

Genital folds derivative

A

Labia minora

Ventral shaft of penis

87
Q

Genital swelling derivatives

A

Labia majora

Scrotum prepuce

88
Q

Urogenital sinus derivatives

A

Urethra lower vagina bartholin and skene glands

Urethra cowper gland prostate

89
Q

Structure where sperm is stored

A

Vas deferens

90
Q

Responsible for sperm nutrition

A

Seminal vesicle

91
Q

Structure for semen alkalinity

A

Prostate gland using spermine

92
Q

Path of semen

SEVEN UP

A 
Seminiferous tubules
Epididymis
Vas deferens 
Ejaculatory duct 
Nothing
Urethra 
Penis
93
Q

Testes temperature

A

1-2 degrees cooler than core bdy temperature

94
Q

Activation of sperm in the female genital tract

A

Capacitation

95
Q

Neurotransmitter for erection

A

NO and Ach

96
Q

Low sperm count

A

<20 million/ml

97
Q

This structure secretes melatonin involved in reproduction and sex drive

A

Pineal gland

98
Q

Testosterone to dihydrotestosterone is mediated by this enzyme

A

5 alpha reductase

99
Q

Mediates negative feedback control of FSH secretion

A

Inhibin

100
Q

Form of estrogen that is secreted by adrenal cortex and theca cell

A

Estrone

101
Q

Estrogen secreted by ovaries

A

Estradiol

102
Q

Estrogen secreted by placenta

A

Estriol

103
Q

Catalyzes conversion of testosterone to estradiol

A

Aromatase

104
Q

Estrogen predominates in this phase of menstrual cycle

A

Follicular phase

105
Q

What hormone predominates in the luteal phase

A

Progesterone

106
Q

LH surge is induced by this hormone

A

Estrogen

107
Q

This phase in the menstrual cycle happens when there is increased vascularity and secretory activity of the endometrium

A

Luteal phase

108
Q

Produced by ovarian granulosa cell and inhibits FSH secretion from anterior pituitary

A

Inhibin

109
Q

Number of lifetime mature follicles

A

400

110
Q

Term called for fertilized ovum implanting on uterus

A

Blastocyst

111
Q

Peak HCG levels at ___ weeks AOG

A

9 weeks

112
Q

Source of estrogen during the 2nd and 3rd trimester

A

Fetal adrenal gland fetal liver and placenta

113
Q

Prolactin inhibits ovulation for the next 6 months due to inhibition of

A

GnRH

Physio (8 decks)

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