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Cell Physio Flashcards

1
Q

Located in the epithelium for tight intercellular adhesion

A

Macula adherens

Desmosomes

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2
Q

Increases surface area for contact

A

Zonula adherens

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3
Q

Divides cell into apical and basolateral side

A

Zonula occludens

Tight junction

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4
Q

For intercellular communication

A

Gap junctions

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5
Q

Structure in between cell membranes that are found in cardiac and unitary smooth muscle

A

Gap junctions

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6
Q

Functional unit of gap junctions

A

Connexon

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7
Q

Subunit of gap junctions

A

Connexin

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8
Q

The low resistance pathways between myocardial cells thay allow for the spread of action potentials are:

A

Gap junctions

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9
Q

Examples of non carrier mediated transport

A

Simple diffusion
Endocytosis
Exocytosis

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10
Q

What are the carrier mediated transports?

A

Osmosis
Facilitated Diffusion
Primary Active Transport
Secondary Active Transport

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11
Q

Transport mechanisms that are passive and downhill

A

Simple and facilitated diffusion

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12
Q

This transport is used by hormones and neurotransmitters

A

Exocytosis

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13
Q

Transport used by lipid hormones

A

Simple diffusion

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14
Q

Transport mechanisms that are active and uphill

A

Primary and Secondary Active Transport

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15
Q

Transport mechanism:

GLUT transporters

A

Facilitated diffusion

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16
Q

Transport mechanisms:

Ca-ATPase pump

A

Primary active

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17
Q

Transport mechanisms:

SGLT

A

Secondary active

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18
Q

Transport mechanisms:

Na-Ca exchange

A

Secondary active

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19
Q

Two substances have the same chemical composition but with a different shape

A

Stereospecificity

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20
Q

The number of carriers are finite. Once all are filled up, rate of transport becomes constant

A

Saturation

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21
Q

Different solutes may compete for the same carrier

A

Competition

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22
Q

Where is GLUT 1 found?

A

BBB

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23
Q

Where’s GLUT 2 at?

A

Liver
Pancreas
Basement membrane of SI

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24
Q

Where is GLUT 3 found?

A

Neurons

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25
GLUT 4?
Muscles, Adipose tissue
26
GLUT 5?
Fructose transport from SI lumen
27
This contributes to basal metabolic rate
Na K ATPase pump
28
Inhibited by Digoxin
Na K ATPase pump
29
What type of transport? SERCA
Primary active
30
What type of transport? Proton pump
Primary active
31
Osmotic pressure is computed using:
Van Hoff's Law
32
Reflection coefficient of UREA
Zero
33
Reflection coefficient of ALBUMIN:
One (1)
34
Potential difference generated across a membrane because of a concentration difference of an ion
Diffusion potential
35
Elquilibrium potential is also called:
Nernst potential
36
Diffusion potential that exactly balances the tendency for diffusion caused by concentration difference
Equilibrium potential
37
Resting membrane potential is exhibited by:
All cells
38
Exhibited only by excitable cells
Action potential
39
Examples of excitable cells
Neurons | Muscle
40
Normal resting membrane potential for nerve
-70mV
41
Nerve membrane has a high resting conductance to this ion
K
42
Characteristics of a True Action Potential
Sterotypical size and shape Propagating All or none
43
Positive charges flow into the cell causing depolarization
Inward current
44
Basis for absolute refractory period
Closed Na-inactivation gates
45
Basis for relative refractory period
Prolonged opening of K channels
46
Occurs when cell membrane is depolarized but not rapidly enough which causes Na inactivation gates to eventually close= NO AP
Accomodation
47
Conduction velocity is increased by:
Fiber size Myelination Nodes of Ranvier
48
Part of the neuron where NT receptors are found
Dendrites
49
Part of the neuron where AP starts
Axon hilock (initial segment)
50
Synaptic transmission where 2 or more excitatory inputs at the same time
Spatial summation
51
Synaptic transmission where 2 or more excitatory inputs at rapid succession
Temporal summation
52
This neurotransmitter triggers REM sleep
Acetylcholine
53
This neurotransmitter is decreased in Alzheimers
Acetylcholine
54
This neurotransmitter is found in the locus ceruleus of the pons
NE | ILOCUS NORTE
55
Neurotransmitter for arousal and wakefulness
NE
56
Neurotransmitter that is decreased in parkinsons and increased in schizophrenia
Dopamine
57
Neurotransmitter Found in the median raphe of brainstem
Serotonin
58
Neurotransmitter from tryptophan and converted to melatonin
Serotonin
59
Phenylalanine derivatives
Pare True Love Does Not Exist To Melanie ``` Phenylalanine Tyrosine L dopa Dopamine Norepinephrine Epinephrine T3 T4 Melanin ```
60
Tryptophan derivatives
Trip Mo Siya Noh? Tryptophan Melatonin Serotonin Niacin
61
Neurotransmitter involved in fast pain
Glutamate
62
Neurotransmitter involved in slow pain
Substance P
63
Skeletal muscle for detecting changes in muscle length
Intafusal
64
Skeletal muscle for voluntary muscle contraction
Extrafusal
65
Type of extrafusal muscle fiber that is for endurance
1 slow red ox with a perfect posture Type 1 Slow twitch Red muscle fiber Oxidative
66
Functional and structural unit of a muscle
Sarcomere
67
Part of the sarcomere that is purely MYOSIN
H band
68
Part of the sarcomere that is purely ACTIN
I band
69
Part of sarcomere with no myosin heads
Bare zone
70
Ca channels is sarcoplasmic reticulum
Ryanodine receptors
71
Proteins that stores Ca in sarcoplasmic reticulum
Calsequestrin
72
Largest protein in human body
Titin
73
Protein that binds myosin to Z lines, binds Z line to M line
Titin
74
This protein stabilizes sarcolemma and prevents contraction induced rupture
Dystrophin
75
Occurs 3-6 hours after death due to lack of ATP
Rigor Mortis
76
Accumulation of which solute is responsible for tetanus?
Calcium
77
Which type of muscle relied on "calcium induced calcium release" system?
Cardiac muscle
78
What phase in the SA node AP determines HR?
Phase 4
79
Which muscle type has no troponin?
Smooth muscle
80
Inhibits muscle contraction in smooth muscles
Caldesmon and calponin
81
Type of smooth muscle that uses junctional potential only
Multi unit smooth muscle
82
What type of smooth muscle is the ciliary eye muscle?
Mutli unit smooth muscle
83
Type of smooth muscle that has gap junctions
Single unit/unitary
84
Triggers release of ICF calcium in smooth muscle
Hormones NT Stretch

Physio (8 decks)

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