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Cardio Physio Flashcards

1
Q

Site of greatest resistance

A

Arterioles

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2
Q

Largest cross sectional area, slowest blood flow velocity

A

Capillaries

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3
Q

Controls blood flow (capillaries)

A

Metarterioles

Pre capillary sphincters

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4
Q

Aka Capacitance vessels

A

Veins

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5
Q

64% of blood flow

With one way valves

A

Veins

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6
Q

Blood flow is based on this law

A

Ohm’s Law

Q= P/R

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7
Q

The distensibility of a blood vessel

A

Capacitance

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8
Q

Most important determinant of pulse pressure

A

Stroke volume

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9
Q

Estimates left atrial pressure

A

Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure

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10
Q

Equivalent to right atrial pressure

A

Central venous pressure

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11
Q

Heart block effect on ECG

A

Increased PR interval

Decrease AV node conduction– decreased conduction velocity

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12
Q

Hypokalemia on ECG

A

Flat or inverted T waves
Increased amplitude and width P wave
May have U wave

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13
Q

Hyperkalemia on ECG

A

Tall T waves

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14
Q

Hypocalcemia on ECG

A

Prolongef QT interval

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15
Q

Transmural infract on ECG will show

A

ST segment elevation

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16
Q

Subendocardial infarct on ECG will show

A

ST segment depression

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17
Q

Cardiac RMP

A

-90mV

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18
Q

Which pacemaker has the slowest conduction velocity?

A

AV node

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19
Q

Which pacemaker has the fastest conduction velocity?

A

Purkinje fibers

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20
Q

This is responsible for slow Na influx during phase 4

A 
If channels
(Funny Na channels)
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21
Q

Causes the automaticity of SA node

A

If channels

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22
Q

This effect causes Changes in contractility

A

Inotropic effect

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23
Q

This effect Produces changes in rate of relaxation

A

Lusitrophic effect

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24
Q

This effect causes Changes in heart rate

A

Chronotropic effect

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25
This effect causes Changes in conduction velocity
Dromotrophic effect
26
Inotropes affect contractility through changes in
Stroke volume
27
Chronotropes affect heart rate through changes in
SA node
28
Dromotropes affect velocity of conduction through the
AV node
29
Afterload for the left ventricle is equal to
Aortic pressure
30
Afterload for the right ventricle is equal to
Pulmonary artery pressure
31
Normal stroke volume
70ml
32
Blood ejected by the ventricle per heart beat
Stroke volume
33
EDV- ESV= ?
Stroke volume
34
Normal ejection fraction
55%
35
SV/EDV = ?
Ejection fraction
36
Normal resting CO
5L
37
Formula for stroke volume
EDV-ESV
38
Formula for ejection fraction
SV/EDV
39
What phase of the cardiac cycle is preceded by the p wave?
Atrial contraction
40
What wave in the atrial pressure curve is seen during atrial contraction?
A wave
41
Occurs during the distal third of diastole
Atrial contraction
42
What phase of the cardiac cycle can you hear the 4th heart sound?
Atrial contraction
43
What phase of the cardiac cycle is preceded by QRS complex?
Isovolumic contraction
44
What phase of the cardiac cycle is a C wave seen?
Isovolumic contraction
45
What phase of the cardiac cycle is S1 heard?
Isovolumic contraction
46
What phase of the cardiac cycle does atrial filling begin?
Rapid ventricular ejection
47
What phase of the cardiac cycle occurs when the semilunar valves open?
Rapid ventricular ejection
48
What phase of the cardiac cycle is preceded by the T wave?
Isovolumic relaxation
49
What phase of the cardiac cycle is the V wave seen?
Isovolumic relaxation
50
What phase of the cardiac cycle is S2 heard?
Isovolumic relaxation
51
What phase of the cardiac cycle is the incisura found?
Isovolumic relaxation
52
What phase of the cardiac cycle will the AV valves close?
Isovolumic contraction
53
What phase of the cardiac cycle will the semilunar valves close?
Isovolumic relaxation
54
phase of the cardiac cycle where AV valves will open:
Rapid ventricular filling
55
What phase of the cardiac cycle is the S3 found?
Rapid ventricular filling
56
Longest phase of cardiac cycle
Reduced ventricular filling
57
What phase of the cardiac cycle is ventricular volume lowest?
Isovolumic ventricular relaxation
58
What phase of the cardiac cycle is the aortic pressure highest?
Between rapid and reduced ventricular ejection
59
Physiologic split S2 happens during
Inspiration
60
Aortic valve murmur is found at
2nd ICS RPSB
61
Pulmonic Valve murmur is heard at
2nd ICS LPSB
62
Tricuspid valve murmur is heard at
4th-5th ICS LPSB
63
Mitral valve murmur is heard at
5th ICS LMCL
64
Which receptor mediates slowing of the heart?
Muscarinic | M2
65
Branch of cranial nerve 9 that carries signals from carotid sinus to NTS
Hering's nerve
66
Carotid baroreceptors respond to range of pressures from:
50-180mmHg
67
Aortic baroreceptors respond to increased pressures of:
>80 mmHg
68
Set point for MAP in vasomotor center
100mmHg
69
CNS ischemic response located at the vasomotor center responds when BP is
Less than 60 optimal 15-20mmHg
70
During the CNS ischemic response, all systemic arterioles vasoconstrict except:
Coronary and Cerebral vessels
71
Triad of Cushing reflex during increased ICP:
HPN Bradycardia Irregular respirations
72
Where is angiotensinogen located?
Liver
73
Where is ACE located?
Lungs
74
Aldosterone effects on kidneys
Increased: Na and H2O reabsorption K secretion H secretion
75
Starling forces that favors filtration
Capillary hydrostatic pressure and interstitial oncotic pressure
76
Normal net filtration
2ml/min
77
How much lymph is produced per day?
2-3 L
78
Causes of edema: | Example of increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
Increased venous pressure
79
Causes of edema
Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure Decreased capillary oncotic pressure Increased filtration coefficient
80
Example of decreased capillary oncotic pressure
Nephrotic syndrome Liver disease Decreased plasma protein
81
Example of increased filtration coefficient
Burns
82
Metabolic theory: | Increase in blood flow in response to brief pd of decreased blood flow
Reactive hyperemia
83
Angiogenesis occurs in response to hypoxia due to
VEGF, FGF, Angiogenin
84
Vascularity is determined by
Maximum Blood Flow Need
85
Most potent vasoconstrictor
Vasopressin
86
Blood flow to which organ is controlled primarily by the sympathetic nervous system rather than by local metabolites?
Skin

Physio (8 decks)

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