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Physio > Cardio Physio > Flashcards

Cardio Physio Flashcards

1
Q

Site of greatest resistance

A

Arterioles

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2
Q

Largest cross sectional area, slowest blood flow velocity

A

Capillaries

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3
Q

Controls blood flow (capillaries)

A

Metarterioles

Pre capillary sphincters

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4
Q

Aka Capacitance vessels

A

Veins

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5
Q

64% of blood flow

With one way valves

A

Veins

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6
Q

Blood flow is based on this law

A

Ohm’s Law

Q= P/R

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7
Q

The distensibility of a blood vessel

A

Capacitance

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8
Q

Most important determinant of pulse pressure

A

Stroke volume

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9
Q

Estimates left atrial pressure

A

Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure

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10
Q

Equivalent to right atrial pressure

A

Central venous pressure

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11
Q

Heart block effect on ECG

A

Increased PR interval

Decrease AV node conduction– decreased conduction velocity

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12
Q

Hypokalemia on ECG

A

Flat or inverted T waves
Increased amplitude and width P wave
May have U wave

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13
Q

Hyperkalemia on ECG

A

Tall T waves

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14
Q

Hypocalcemia on ECG

A

Prolongef QT interval

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15
Q

Transmural infract on ECG will show

A

ST segment elevation

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16
Q

Subendocardial infarct on ECG will show

A

ST segment depression

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17
Q

Cardiac RMP

A

-90mV

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18
Q

Which pacemaker has the slowest conduction velocity?

A

AV node

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19
Q

Which pacemaker has the fastest conduction velocity?

A

Purkinje fibers

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20
Q

This is responsible for slow Na influx during phase 4

A 
If channels
(Funny Na channels)
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21
Q

Causes the automaticity of SA node

A

If channels

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22
Q

This effect causes Changes in contractility

A

Inotropic effect

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23
Q

This effect Produces changes in rate of relaxation

A

Lusitrophic effect

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24
Q

This effect causes Changes in heart rate

A

Chronotropic effect

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25
Q

This effect causes Changes in conduction velocity

A

Dromotrophic effect

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26
Q

Inotropes affect contractility through changes in

A

Stroke volume

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27
Q

Chronotropes affect heart rate through changes in

A

SA node

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28
Q

Dromotropes affect velocity of conduction through the

A

AV node

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29
Q

Afterload for the left ventricle is equal to

A

Aortic pressure

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30
Q

Afterload for the right ventricle is equal to

A

Pulmonary artery pressure

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31
Q

Normal stroke volume

A

70ml

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32
Q

Blood ejected by the ventricle per heart beat

A

Stroke volume

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33
Q

EDV- ESV= ?

A

Stroke volume

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34
Q

Normal ejection fraction

A

55%

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35
Q

SV/EDV = ?

A

Ejection fraction

36
Q

Normal resting CO

A

5L

37
Q

Formula for stroke volume

A

EDV-ESV

38
Q

Formula for ejection fraction

A

SV/EDV

39
Q

What phase of the cardiac cycle is preceded by the p wave?

A

Atrial contraction

40
Q

What wave in the atrial pressure curve is seen during atrial contraction?

A

A wave

41
Q

Occurs during the distal third of diastole

A

Atrial contraction

42
Q

What phase of the cardiac cycle can you hear the 4th heart sound?

A

Atrial contraction

43
Q

What phase of the cardiac cycle is preceded by QRS complex?

A

Isovolumic contraction

44
Q

What phase of the cardiac cycle is a C wave seen?

A

Isovolumic contraction

45
Q

What phase of the cardiac cycle is S1 heard?

A

Isovolumic contraction

46
Q

What phase of the cardiac cycle does atrial filling begin?

A

Rapid ventricular ejection

47
Q

What phase of the cardiac cycle occurs when the semilunar valves open?

A

Rapid ventricular ejection

48
Q

What phase of the cardiac cycle is preceded by the T wave?

A

Isovolumic relaxation

49
Q

What phase of the cardiac cycle is the V wave seen?

A

Isovolumic relaxation

50
Q

What phase of the cardiac cycle is S2 heard?

A

Isovolumic relaxation

51
Q

What phase of the cardiac cycle is the incisura found?

A

Isovolumic relaxation

52
Q

What phase of the cardiac cycle will the AV valves close?

A

Isovolumic contraction

53
Q

What phase of the cardiac cycle will the semilunar valves close?

A

Isovolumic relaxation

54
Q

phase of the cardiac cycle where AV valves will open:

A

Rapid ventricular filling

55
Q

What phase of the cardiac cycle is the S3 found?

A

Rapid ventricular filling

56
Q

Longest phase of cardiac cycle

A

Reduced ventricular filling

57
Q

What phase of the cardiac cycle is ventricular volume lowest?

A

Isovolumic ventricular relaxation

58
Q

What phase of the cardiac cycle is the aortic pressure highest?

A

Between rapid and reduced ventricular ejection

59
Q

Physiologic split S2 happens during

A

Inspiration

60
Q

Aortic valve murmur is found at

A

2nd ICS RPSB

61
Q

Pulmonic Valve murmur is heard at

A

2nd ICS LPSB

62
Q

Tricuspid valve murmur is heard at

A

4th-5th ICS LPSB

63
Q

Mitral valve murmur is heard at

A

5th ICS LMCL

64
Q

Which receptor mediates slowing of the heart?

A

Muscarinic

M2

65
Q

Branch of cranial nerve 9 that carries signals from carotid sinus to NTS

A

Hering’s nerve

66
Q

Carotid baroreceptors respond to range of pressures from:

A

50-180mmHg

67
Q

Aortic baroreceptors respond to increased pressures of:

A

> 80 mmHg

68
Q

Set point for MAP in vasomotor center

A

100mmHg

69
Q

CNS ischemic response located at the vasomotor center responds when BP is

A

Less than 60 optimal 15-20mmHg

70
Q

During the CNS ischemic response, all systemic arterioles vasoconstrict except:

A

Coronary and Cerebral vessels

71
Q

Triad of Cushing reflex during increased ICP:

A

HPN
Bradycardia
Irregular respirations

72
Q

Where is angiotensinogen located?

A

Liver

73
Q

Where is ACE located?

A

Lungs

74
Q

Aldosterone effects on kidneys

A

Increased:
Na and H2O reabsorption
K secretion
H secretion

75
Q

Starling forces that favors filtration

A

Capillary hydrostatic pressure and interstitial oncotic pressure

76
Q

Normal net filtration

A

2ml/min

77
Q

How much lymph is produced per day?

A

2-3 L

78
Q

Causes of edema:

Example of increased capillary hydrostatic pressure

A

Increased venous pressure

79
Q

Causes of edema

A

Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
Decreased capillary oncotic pressure
Increased filtration coefficient

80
Q

Example of decreased capillary oncotic pressure

A

Nephrotic syndrome
Liver disease
Decreased plasma protein

81
Q

Example of increased filtration coefficient

A

Burns

82
Q

Metabolic theory:

Increase in blood flow in response to brief pd of decreased blood flow

A

Reactive hyperemia

83
Q

Angiogenesis occurs in response to hypoxia due to

A

VEGF, FGF, Angiogenin

84
Q

Vascularity is determined by

A

Maximum Blood Flow Need

85
Q

Most potent vasoconstrictor

A

Vasopressin

86
Q

Blood flow to which organ is controlled primarily by the sympathetic nervous system rather than by local metabolites?

A

Skin

Physio (8 decks)

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