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GIT Physio Flashcards

1
Q

Extrinsic parasympathetic innervation of the esophagus to the upper large intestine is through

A

Vagus nerve

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2
Q

Reflexes in which both afferent and efferent pathways are contained in the vagus nerve are called

A

Vasovagal reflex

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3
Q

Extrinsic parasympathetic innervation from lower large intestine to anus is through the

A

Pelvic nerves

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4
Q

Intrinsic innervation of GIT for secretion

A

Meissner/Submucosal plexus

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5
Q

Intrinsic innervation of GIT for motility

A

Auerbach/ Myenteric plexus

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6
Q

What layer of the GIT is not seen in the esophagus?

A

Serosa

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7
Q

Strongest layer of the esophagus

A

Submucosa

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8
Q

3 layers of the stomach

A

Inner OBLIQUE
Middle circular
Outer longitudinal

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9
Q

Myenteric plexus is mainly excitatory except for

A

Pyloric sphincter

Ileocecal valve

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10
Q

GI hormone that is triggered by proteins and amino acids especially F,W,M and gastric distension

A

Gastrin

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11
Q

GI Hormone that is found in the G cells of the antrum

A

Gastrin

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12
Q

Action of gastrin

A

Stimulate parietal of cells for HCl secretion

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13
Q

GI hormone that is triggered by all types of food but mainly fatty acids

A

CCK

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14
Q

CCK is found where

A

I cells in duodenum

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15
Q

Action of CCK

A

Bile secretion
Delayed gastric emptying
Increased pancreatic enzyme secretion

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16
Q

GI hormone that is triggered by FA and H in duodenum

A

Secretin

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17
Q

secretin is found at

A

S cells in duodenum

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18
Q

Action of secretin

A

Inhibits HCl secretion

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19
Q

GI hormone triggered by oral glucose

A

GIP

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20
Q

Where is GIP found?

A

K cells in duodenum

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21
Q

Action of GIP

A

Insulin secretion

Inhibits gastric emptying

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22
Q

GI Hormone triggered by fasting

A

Motilin

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23
Q

Where is motilin found

A

M cells in duodenum

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24
Q

Action of motilin

A

Activates interdigestive /migrating myoelectric complex

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25
This hormone inhibits the release of all GIT hormones
Somatostatin
26
This hormone increases H secretion, potentiates gastrin and Ach action
Histamine
27
This hormone relaxes the lower esophageal sphincter, pyloric sphincter, orad stomach, ileocecal valve
VIP
28
This hormone is secreted by pancreatic islet cells tumors and involved in pancreatic cholera
VIP
29
Hormone that stimulates HCO3 secretion and inhibits gastric H secretion
VIP
30
Hormone that contracts LES, pyloric sphincter etc | Inhibits intestinal secretion of fluids and electolytes
Enkephalins
31
Found at the Ventromedial hypothalamus and inhibits appetite
Satiety center
32
Hunger center is found in
Found in the lateral hypothalamus and stimulates appetite
33
What part of the brain sends signals to satiety and hunger centers
Arcuate nucleus
34
This type of neurons increases appetite
Orexigenic neurons
35
Orexigenic neurons release ____ to stimulate appetite
Neuropeptide Y Y u so fat
36
Anorexigenic neurons release this to decrease appetite
POMC Oh so sexy
37
This hormone is secreted by fat cells that stimulate anorexigenic neurons
Leptin Insulin GLP 1
38
Secreted by gastric cells to inhibit anorexigenic neurons
Ghrelin
39
Inhibits ghrelin
Peptide YY
40
All contractile tissues in the GIT are made up of unitary smooth muscles except for
Pharynx Upper 1/3 of esophagus External anal sphincter
41
GI sphincters exhibit this type of contractions
Tonic contraction
42
Fastest frequency of slow waves occurs in the
Duodenum
43
Slowest frequency of slow waves occur in the
Stomach
44
Slow waves in the small intestinal smooth muscle cells what type of contractions
Tonic contractions
45
Most common stimulus for GI peristalsis
Distension
46
Time of transfer from pylorus to ileocecal valve
3-5 hours
47
Time of transfer from ileocecal valve to colon
8-15 hours
48
This enzyme begins CHO digestion in the mouth
Amylase
49
The swallowing center is found in the
Medulla
50
Capacity of stomach
1.5L
51
Abolishes the receptive relaxation of the stomach
Vagotomy
52
The urge to defecate occurs once the rectum is ___% filled
25%
53
Chemoreceptor trigger zone is located in the
Floor of the 4th ventricle
54
Saliva is high in
K | HCO3
55
Saliva is low in
Na | Cl
56
At high flow rates, the saliva has
High Na, Cl Low K HIGH HCO3
57
Saliva is hypertonic or hypotonic relative to plasma?
Hypotonic
58
Gastric cell that contains mucus neck cells, parietal cells and chief cells
Oxyntic glands
59
Gastric cell that contains G cells and mucus cells
Pyloric glands
60
Secretes HCl and IF
Parietal/oxyntic cells
61
Secretes gastrin
G cells
62
Secreted serotonin
Enterochromaffin cells
63
Secretes histamine
Enterochromaffin like cells
64
Secretes pepsinogen
Chief cells
65
Site of secretion of intrinsic factor
Gastric fundus
66
Site of secretion of gastrin
Gastric antrum
67
Hormones that Stimulate HCl secretion
Histamine Ach Gastrin
68
Exocrine pancreatic secretion is stimulated by
Secretin CCK Ach
69
Exocrine pancreatic has same levels of ______ as plasma
Na | K
70
Exocrine pancreatic secretion has lower ____ than plasma
Cl
71
Most common component of bile
Water
72
Active component of bile
Bile salts
73
Hormones that cause gallbladder contraction
CCK | Ach
74
Causes sphincter of Oddi relaxation
CCK
75
Ileal resection will result to
Steatorrhea
76
SGLT 1 facilitates absorption of these monosaccharides
Glucose and galactose
77
GLUT 2 absorbs what type of monosaccharides through facilitated diffusion?
All types of monosaccharides
78
Essential pancreatic proteases
Trypsin Chymotrypsin Elastase Carboxypeptidase
79
Absorbed in the duodenum
Iron | Vitamin C
80
Absorbed in the jejunum
CHO CHON Fat Water
81
Absorbed in the ileum
Fst soluble vitamins | B12
82
This bacteria causes diarrhea by increasing Cl secretory channels in crypt cells
Vibrio cholera
83
Micelle formation is essential in the intestinal absorption of
Vitamin D
84
Found in the space of Disse for vitamin A storage
Ito cells

Physio (8 decks)

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