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Physio > GIT Physio > Flashcards

GIT Physio Flashcards

1
Q

Extrinsic parasympathetic innervation of the esophagus to the upper large intestine is through

A

Vagus nerve

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2
Q

Reflexes in which both afferent and efferent pathways are contained in the vagus nerve are called

A

Vasovagal reflex

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3
Q

Extrinsic parasympathetic innervation from lower large intestine to anus is through the

A

Pelvic nerves

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4
Q

Intrinsic innervation of GIT for secretion

A

Meissner/Submucosal plexus

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5
Q

Intrinsic innervation of GIT for motility

A

Auerbach/ Myenteric plexus

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6
Q

What layer of the GIT is not seen in the esophagus?

A

Serosa

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7
Q

Strongest layer of the esophagus

A

Submucosa

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8
Q

3 layers of the stomach

A

Inner OBLIQUE
Middle circular
Outer longitudinal

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9
Q

Myenteric plexus is mainly excitatory except for

A

Pyloric sphincter

Ileocecal valve

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10
Q

GI hormone that is triggered by proteins and amino acids especially F,W,M and gastric distension

A

Gastrin

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11
Q

GI Hormone that is found in the G cells of the antrum

A

Gastrin

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12
Q

Action of gastrin

A

Stimulate parietal of cells for HCl secretion

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13
Q

GI hormone that is triggered by all types of food but mainly fatty acids

A

CCK

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14
Q

CCK is found where

A

I cells in duodenum

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15
Q

Action of CCK

A

Bile secretion
Delayed gastric emptying
Increased pancreatic enzyme secretion

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16
Q

GI hormone that is triggered by FA and H in duodenum

A

Secretin

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17
Q

secretin is found at

A

S cells in duodenum

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18
Q

Action of secretin

A

Inhibits HCl secretion

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19
Q

GI hormone triggered by oral glucose

A

GIP

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20
Q

Where is GIP found?

A

K cells in duodenum

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21
Q

Action of GIP

A

Insulin secretion

Inhibits gastric emptying

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22
Q

GI Hormone triggered by fasting

A

Motilin

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23
Q

Where is motilin found

A

M cells in duodenum

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24
Q

Action of motilin

A

Activates interdigestive /migrating myoelectric complex

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25
Q

This hormone inhibits the release of all GIT hormones

A

Somatostatin

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26
Q

This hormone increases H secretion, potentiates gastrin and Ach action

A

Histamine

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27
Q

This hormone relaxes the lower esophageal sphincter, pyloric sphincter, orad stomach, ileocecal valve

A

VIP

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28
Q

This hormone is secreted by pancreatic islet cells tumors and involved in pancreatic cholera

A

VIP

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29
Q

Hormone that stimulates HCO3 secretion and inhibits gastric H secretion

A

VIP

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30
Q

Hormone that contracts LES, pyloric sphincter etc

Inhibits intestinal secretion of fluids and electolytes

A

Enkephalins

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31
Q

Found at the Ventromedial hypothalamus and inhibits appetite

A

Satiety center

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32
Q

Hunger center is found in

A

Found in the lateral hypothalamus and stimulates appetite

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33
Q

What part of the brain sends signals to satiety and hunger centers

A

Arcuate nucleus

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34
Q

This type of neurons increases appetite

A

Orexigenic neurons

35
Q

Orexigenic neurons release ____ to stimulate appetite

A

Neuropeptide Y

Y u so fat

36
Q

Anorexigenic neurons release this to decrease appetite

A

POMC

Oh so sexy

37
Q

This hormone is secreted by fat cells that stimulate anorexigenic neurons

A

Leptin
Insulin
GLP 1

38
Q

Secreted by gastric cells to inhibit anorexigenic neurons

A

Ghrelin

39
Q

Inhibits ghrelin

A

Peptide YY

40
Q

All contractile tissues in the GIT are made up of unitary smooth muscles except for

A

Pharynx
Upper 1/3 of esophagus
External anal sphincter

41
Q

GI sphincters exhibit this type of contractions

A

Tonic contraction

42
Q

Fastest frequency of slow waves occurs in the

A

Duodenum

43
Q

Slowest frequency of slow waves occur in the

A

Stomach

44
Q

Slow waves in the small intestinal smooth muscle cells what type of contractions

A

Tonic contractions

45
Q

Most common stimulus for GI peristalsis

A

Distension

46
Q

Time of transfer from pylorus to ileocecal valve

A

3-5 hours

47
Q

Time of transfer from ileocecal valve to colon

A

8-15 hours

48
Q

This enzyme begins CHO digestion in the mouth

A

Amylase

49
Q

The swallowing center is found in the

A

Medulla

50
Q

Capacity of stomach

A

1.5L

51
Q

Abolishes the receptive relaxation of the stomach

A

Vagotomy

52
Q

The urge to defecate occurs once the rectum is ___% filled

A

25%

53
Q

Chemoreceptor trigger zone is located in the

A

Floor of the 4th ventricle

54
Q

Saliva is high in

A

K

HCO3

55
Q

Saliva is low in

A

Na

Cl

56
Q

At high flow rates, the saliva has

A

High Na, Cl
Low K
HIGH HCO3

57
Q

Saliva is hypertonic or hypotonic relative to plasma?

A

Hypotonic

58
Q

Gastric cell that contains mucus neck cells, parietal cells and chief cells

A

Oxyntic glands

59
Q

Gastric cell that contains G cells and mucus cells

A

Pyloric glands

60
Q

Secretes HCl and IF

A

Parietal/oxyntic cells

61
Q

Secretes gastrin

A

G cells

62
Q

Secreted serotonin

A

Enterochromaffin cells

63
Q

Secretes histamine

A

Enterochromaffin like cells

64
Q

Secretes pepsinogen

A

Chief cells

65
Q

Site of secretion of intrinsic factor

A

Gastric fundus

66
Q

Site of secretion of gastrin

A

Gastric antrum

67
Q

Hormones that Stimulate HCl secretion

A

Histamine
Ach
Gastrin

68
Q

Exocrine pancreatic secretion is stimulated by

A

Secretin
CCK
Ach

69
Q

Exocrine pancreatic has same levels of ______ as plasma

A

Na

K

70
Q

Exocrine pancreatic secretion has lower ____ than plasma

A

Cl

71
Q

Most common component of bile

A

Water

72
Q

Active component of bile

A

Bile salts

73
Q

Hormones that cause gallbladder contraction

A

CCK

Ach

74
Q

Causes sphincter of Oddi relaxation

A

CCK

75
Q

Ileal resection will result to

A

Steatorrhea

76
Q

SGLT 1 facilitates absorption of these monosaccharides

A

Glucose and galactose

77
Q

GLUT 2 absorbs what type of monosaccharides through facilitated diffusion?

A

All types of monosaccharides

78
Q

Essential pancreatic proteases

A

Trypsin
Chymotrypsin
Elastase
Carboxypeptidase

79
Q

Absorbed in the duodenum

A

Iron

Vitamin C

80
Q

Absorbed in the jejunum

A

CHO
CHON
Fat
Water

81
Q

Absorbed in the ileum

A

Fst soluble vitamins

B12

82
Q

This bacteria causes diarrhea by increasing Cl secretory channels in crypt cells

A

Vibrio cholera

83
Q

Micelle formation is essential in the intestinal absorption of

A

Vitamin D

84
Q

Found in the space of Disse for vitamin A storage

A

Ito cells

Physio (8 decks)

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