Respi Flashcards
What color is air on an xray?
Black “radiolucent”
What color is fluid/ solid on xray?
White “radiopaque”
What disease has a steeple sign on neck film?
Croup
What disease has a thumb sign on neck film?
Epiglottitis
What is a blue bloater?
Bronchitis
What is pink puffer?
Emphysema
What disease have pulmonary eosinophilia?
Aspergillosis, Strongyloides
What drugs cause pulmonary eosinophilia?
Nitrofurantoin, Sulfonamides
What are the risk factors for lung cancer?
Smoking, Radon, 2nd hand smoke, Pneumoconiosis (except anthracosis)
What disease have hemoptysis?
Bronchiectasis, bronchitis, pneumonia, TB, lung cancer
Where is a Bokdalek hernia?
Back of diaphragm
Where is a Morgagni hernia?
Middle of diaphragm
What disease have respiratory alkalosis?
Restrictive Lung Dz (anxiety, pregnancy, Gram -, sepsis, PE)
What disease have respiratory acidosis?
Obstructive Lung Dz
What disease have metabolic alkalosis?
Low Volume State (vomiting, diuretics, GI blood loss)
What disease have metabolic acidosis?
Acid production (MUDPILES, RTA II, diarrhea)
What does stridor tell you?
Extrathoracic narrowing => narrows when breathe in => neck xray
What does wheezing tell you?
Intrathoracic narrowing => narrows when breath out => chest xray
What does rhonchi tell you?
Mucus in the airway => obstructive lung disease
What does grunting tell you?
Blows collapsed alveoli open => restrictive lung disease
What does dull percussion tell you?
Something b/w airspace and chest wall absorbing sound (fluid or solid)
What does hyperresonance tell you?
Air in lungs
What does tracheal deviation tell you?
Away from pneumothorax or toward atelectasis “air phobic”
What does fremitus, egophony and bronchophony tell you?
Consolidation => pathognomonic for pneumonia
What is restrictive lung disease?
Small stiff lungs, trouble breathing in
What is Obstructive lung disease?
Big mucus-filled lungs, trouble breathing out
What is Epiglottitis?
Xray thumb sign, drooling
What is Croup?
Xray steeple sign, barking cough
What is tracheitis?
Look toxic, grey, pseudomembrane, leukocytosis
What is Asthma?
Wheeze on expiration, IgE, eosinophils
What is Bronchiolitis?
Asthma in kids < 2 y/o
What is Sinusitis?
Teeth pain worse with bending forward
What is Bronchiectasis?
Bad breath, purulent sputum, hemoptysis
What is Bronchitis?
Lots of sputum, “blue boater”
What is Emphysema?
Restrictive to obstructive pattern, “pink puffer”
What is Laryngomalacia?
Epiglottis roll in from side to side
What is Pneumonia?
Consolidation of airway
What is Pneumothorax?
Decreased breath sound on one side
How do you detect a Pulmonary Embolus?
Tachypnea, increased V/Q scan, EKG: S1 Q3 T3
What is tamponade?
Decreased breath sounds / BP; increased JVD
What is tracheomalacia?
Soft cartilage, stridor since birth
What is Cystic Fibrosis?
Meconium ileus, steatorrhea, bronchiectasis
What is Aspergillosis?
Allergy to mold, dead plants, compost piles
What is Asbestosis?
Shipyard workers, pipe fitters, brake mechanics, insulation install
What is Silicosis?
Sandblasters, glassblowers
What is Byssinosis?
Cotton workers, chest tightness
What is Beryliosis?
Radio, TV welders
What is Anthracosis?
Coal workers, massive fibrosis
What is Sarcoidosis?
Non caseating granulomas, eggshell calcification of lymph nodes
What is carcinoid syndrome?
Flushing, wheezing, diarrhea
what is small cell CA?
At carina, malignant, Cushing’s, SIADH, SVC syndrome
What is Large cell CA?
Large stuff
What is squamous cell CA?
Smoker, high PTH, high Ca+2
What is Bronchoalveolar CA? Looks like pneumonia due to pneumoconiosis?
Looks like pneumonia; due to pneumoconiosis
What is the difference between a carotid body and a carotid sinus?
Carotid body: chemoreceptor
Carotid sinus: baroreceptor
