Cardio

Question 1

What organs have resistance in parallel?

Answer 1

All the rest

Question 2

What organ has the highest A-VO2 difference at rest?

Answer 2

Heart

Question 3

What organ has the highest A-VO2 difference after excercise?

Answer 3

Muscle

Question 4

What organ has the highest A-VO2 difference after meal?

Answer 4

Gut

Question 5

What organ has the highest A-VO2 difference during a test?

Answer 5

Brain

Question 6

What organ has the lowest A-VO2 difference?

Answer 6

Kidney

Question 7

Where does Type A thoracic aortic dissection occur?

Answer 7

Ascending aorta (occurs in cystic medial necrosis, syphilis)

Question 8

Where does type B thoracic aortic dissection occur?

Answer 8

Descending aorta (occurs in trauma, atherosclerosis)

Question 9

What layers does a true aortic aneurysm occur?

Answer 9

Intima, media and adventitia

Question 10

What layers does a pseudo aortic aneurysm occur?

Answer 10

Intima and media

Question 11

What is pulse pressure?

Answer 11

Systolic- Diastolic pressure

Question 12

What vessel has the thickest layer of smooth muscle?

Answer 12

Aorta

Question 13

What vessels have the most smooth muscle?

Answer 13

Arterioles

Question 14

What vessel have the largest cross-sectional area?

Answer 14

Capillaries

Question 15

What vessel has the highest compliance?

Answer 15

Aorta

Question 16

What vessel have the highest capacitance?

Answer 16

Veins and venules

Question 17

What is your max heart rate?

Answer 17

220 - age

Question 18

What is Stable Angina?

Answer 18

Pain with exertion (atherosclerosis)

Question 19

What is unstable angina?

Answer 19

Pain at rest (transient clots)

Question 20

What is Prinzmetal’s angina?

Answer 20

Intermittent pain (coronary artery spasm)

Question 21

What is Amyloidosis?

Answer 21

Stains congo red, echo apple green birefringence

Question 22

What is hemochromatosis?

Answer 22

Fe deposit in organs => hyperpigmentation, arthritis, DM

Question 23

What is cardiac tamponade?

Answer 23

Pressure equalizes in all 4 chambers, quiet precordium, no pulse or BP, kussmaul’s sign, pulsus paradoxus (lower >10 mmHg BP w/inspiration)

Question 24

What is transudate?

Answer 24

An effusion with mostly water

Too much water:

• heart failure
• renal failure

Not enough protein:

• cirrhosis (cant make protein)
• nephrotic syndrome (pee protein out)

Question 25

What is an exudate?

Answer 25

An effusion with mostly protein Too much protein: - purulent (bacteria) - hemorrhagic (trauma , cancer, PE) - fibrinous (collagen vascular dz, uremia, TB) - granulomatous (non-bacterial)

Question 26

What is Systole?

Answer 26

Squish heart, LOW blood flow to coronary aa, more extraction of O2 (phase 1 korotkoff)

Question 27

What is diastole?

Answer 27

Fill heart, increase blood flow to coronary aa, less extraction of O2 (phase 5 korotkoff)

Question 28

What are the only arteries w/ deoxygenated blood?

Answer 28

Pulmonary arteries and umbilical arteries

Question 29

What murmur has a Waterhammer pulse?

Answer 29

AR

Question 30

What murmur has Pulsus tardus?

Answer 30

AS

Question 31

What cardiomyopathy has Pulsus alternans?

Answer 31

Dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 32

What disease has a Pulsus bigeminus?

Answer 32

Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis

Question 33

What murmur has an irregularly irregular pulse?

Answer 33

A Fib

Question 34

What murmur has a regularly irregular pulse?

Answer 34

PVC

Question 35

What sound radiate to the neck?

Answer 35

AS

Question 36

What sound radiates to the axilla?

Answer 36

MR

Question 37

What sound radiate to the back?

Answer 37

PS

Question 38

What disease has a boot-shaped xray?

Answer 38

Right ventricle hypertrophy

Question 39

What disease has a banana shaped xray?

Answer 39

IHSS

Question 40

What disease has an egg shaped xray?

Answer 40

Transposition of the great arteries

Question 41

What disease has a snowman shaped xray?

Answer 41

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

Question 42

What disease has a "3" shaped xray?

Answer 42

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 43

What is Osler-Weber-Rendu?

Answer 43

AVM in lung, gut, CNS => sequester platelets => telangiectasias

Question 44

What is Von Hippel-Lindau?

Answer 44

AVM in head, retina => renal cell CA risk

Question 45

When do valves makes noise?

Answer 45

When valves close

Question 46

What valves make noise during sytole?

Answer 46

mitral and tricuspid

Question 47

What murmur occurs during systole?

Answer 47

Holosystolic, ejection murmur or click

Question 48

What are the holosystolic murmurs?

Answer 48

TR, MR or VSD

Question 49

What are the systolic ejection murmur?

Answer 49

AS, PS, or HCM

Question 50

What valves make noise during diastole?

Answer 50

Aortic and pulmonic

Question 51

What are the diastolic murmur?

Answer 51

Blowing, Rumbling

Question 52

What are the diastolic blowing murmurs?

Answer 52

AR or PR

Question 53

What are the diastolic rumbling murmus?

Answer 53

TS or MS

Question 54

What are the continuous murmurs?

Answer 54

PDA or AVMs

Question 55

What has a friction rub while breathing?

Answer 55

Pleuritis

Question 56

What has a friction rub when holding breath?

Answer 56

Pericarditis

Question 57

What does a mid-systolic click tell you?

Answer 57

Mitral Valve Prolapse

Question 58

What does an ejection click tell you?

Answer 58

A/P stenosis

Question 59

What does an opening snap tell you?

Answer 59

M/T stenosis

Question 60

What does S2 splitting tell you?

Answer 60

Normal on inspiration (b/c pulmonic valve closes later)

Question 61

What does wide S2 splitting tell you?

Answer 61

Increases O2, INCREASES RV volume, or delayed pulmonic valve opening

Question 62

What does fixed wide S2 splitting tell you?

Answer 62

ASD

Question 63

What does paradoxical S2 splitting tell you?

Answer 63

AS (or left bundle branch block)

Question 64

What is cor pulmonale?

Answer 64

Pulmonary HTN => RV failure

Question 65

What is Eisenmenger's?

Answer 65

Pulmonary HTN => reverse L-R to R-L shunt

Question 66

What is Tranposition of the great arteries?

Answer 66

Aorticpulmonary septum did not spiral

Question 67

What is Tetrology of Fallot?

Answer 67

Overriding Aorta: aorta sits on IV septum over the VSD; pushes on PA

Question 68

What is total anomalous pulmonary venous return?

Answer 68

All pulmonary veins to RA, snowman xray

Question 69

What is Troncus Arteriosus?

Answer 69

Spiral membrane not develop => one A/P trunk, mixed blood

Question 70

What is Ebstein's Anomaly?

Answer 70

Tricuspid prolapse, Mom's Li increases risk

Question 71

What can Lithium do to Mom?

Answer 71

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

Question 72

What is Cinchonism?

Answer 72

Hearing loss, tinnitus, thrombocytopenia

Question 73

What organs have resistance in series?

Answer 73

Liver, kidney