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AM PP Clues > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

What organs have resistance in parallel?

A

All the rest

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2
Q

What organ has the highest A-VO2 difference at rest?

A

Heart

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3
Q

What organ has the highest A-VO2 difference after excercise?

A

Muscle

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4
Q

What organ has the highest A-VO2 difference after meal?

A

Gut

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5
Q

What organ has the highest A-VO2 difference during a test?

A

Brain

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6
Q

What organ has the lowest A-VO2 difference?

A

Kidney

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7
Q

Where does Type A thoracic aortic dissection occur?

A

Ascending aorta (occurs in cystic medial necrosis, syphilis)

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8
Q

Where does type B thoracic aortic dissection occur?

A

Descending aorta (occurs in trauma, atherosclerosis)

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9
Q

What layers does a true aortic aneurysm occur?

A

Intima, media and adventitia

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10
Q

What layers does a pseudo aortic aneurysm occur?

A

Intima and media

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11
Q

What is pulse pressure?

A

Systolic- Diastolic pressure

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12
Q

What vessel has the thickest layer of smooth muscle?

A

Aorta

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13
Q

What vessels have the most smooth muscle?

A

Arterioles

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14
Q

What vessel have the largest cross-sectional area?

A

Capillaries

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15
Q

What vessel has the highest compliance?

A

Aorta

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16
Q

What vessel have the highest capacitance?

A

Veins and venules

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17
Q

What is your max heart rate?

A

220 - age

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18
Q

What is Stable Angina?

A

Pain with exertion (atherosclerosis)

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19
Q

What is unstable angina?

A

Pain at rest (transient clots)

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20
Q

What is Prinzmetal’s angina?

A

Intermittent pain (coronary artery spasm)

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21
Q

What is Amyloidosis?

A

Stains congo red, echo apple green birefringence

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22
Q

What is hemochromatosis?

A

Fe deposit in organs => hyperpigmentation, arthritis, DM

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23
Q

What is cardiac tamponade?

A

Pressure equalizes in all 4 chambers, quiet precordium, no pulse or BP, kussmaul’s sign, pulsus paradoxus (lower >10 mmHg BP w/inspiration)

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24
Q

What is transudate?

A

An effusion with mostly water

Too much water:

  • heart failure
  • renal failure

Not enough protein:

  • cirrhosis (cant make protein)
  • nephrotic syndrome (pee protein out)
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25
Q

What is an exudate?

A

An effusion with mostly protein

Too much protein:

  • purulent (bacteria)
  • hemorrhagic (trauma , cancer, PE)
  • fibrinous (collagen vascular dz, uremia, TB)
  • granulomatous (non-bacterial)
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26
Q

What is Systole?

A

Squish heart, LOW blood flow to coronary aa, more extraction of O2 (phase 1 korotkoff)

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27
Q

What is diastole?

A

Fill heart, increase blood flow to coronary aa, less extraction of O2 (phase 5 korotkoff)

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28
Q

What are the only arteries w/ deoxygenated blood?

A

Pulmonary arteries and umbilical arteries

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29
Q

What murmur has a Waterhammer pulse?

A

AR

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30
Q

What murmur has Pulsus tardus?

A

AS

31
Q

What cardiomyopathy has Pulsus alternans?

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

32
Q

What disease has a Pulsus bigeminus?

A

Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis

33
Q

What murmur has an irregularly irregular pulse?

A

A Fib

34
Q

What murmur has a regularly irregular pulse?

A

PVC

35
Q

What sound radiate to the neck?

A

AS

36
Q

What sound radiates to the axilla?

A

MR

37
Q

What sound radiate to the back?

A

PS

38
Q

What disease has a boot-shaped xray?

A

Right ventricle hypertrophy

39
Q

What disease has a banana shaped xray?

A

IHSS

40
Q

What disease has an egg shaped xray?

A

Transposition of the great arteries

41
Q

What disease has a snowman shaped xray?

A

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

42
Q

What disease has a “3” shaped xray?

A

Coarctation of the aorta

43
Q

What is Osler-Weber-Rendu?

A

AVM in lung, gut, CNS => sequester platelets => telangiectasias

44
Q

What is Von Hippel-Lindau?

A

AVM in head, retina => renal cell CA risk

45
Q

When do valves makes noise?

A

When valves close

46
Q

What valves make noise during sytole?

A

mitral and tricuspid

47
Q

What murmur occurs during systole?

A

Holosystolic, ejection murmur or click

48
Q

What are the holosystolic murmurs?

A

TR, MR or VSD

49
Q

What are the systolic ejection murmur?

A

AS, PS, or HCM

50
Q

What valves make noise during diastole?

A

Aortic and pulmonic

51
Q

What are the diastolic murmur?

A

Blowing, Rumbling

52
Q

What are the diastolic blowing murmurs?

A

AR or PR

53
Q

What are the diastolic rumbling murmus?

A

TS or MS

54
Q

What are the continuous murmurs?

A

PDA or AVMs

55
Q

What has a friction rub while breathing?

A

Pleuritis

56
Q

What has a friction rub when holding breath?

A

Pericarditis

57
Q

What does a mid-systolic click tell you?

A

Mitral Valve Prolapse

58
Q

What does an ejection click tell you?

A

A/P stenosis

59
Q

What does an opening snap tell you?

A

M/T stenosis

60
Q

What does S2 splitting tell you?

A

Normal on inspiration (b/c pulmonic valve closes later)

61
Q

What does wide S2 splitting tell you?

A

Increases O2, INCREASES RV volume, or delayed pulmonic valve opening

62
Q

What does fixed wide S2 splitting tell you?

A

ASD

63
Q

What does paradoxical S2 splitting tell you?

A

AS (or left bundle branch block)

64
Q

What is cor pulmonale?

A

Pulmonary HTN => RV failure

65
Q

What is Eisenmenger’s?

A

Pulmonary HTN => reverse L-R to R-L shunt

66
Q

What is Tranposition of the great arteries?

A

Aorticpulmonary septum did not spiral

67
Q

What is Tetrology of Fallot?

A

Overriding Aorta: aorta sits on IV septum over the VSD; pushes on PA

68
Q

What is total anomalous pulmonary venous return?

A

All pulmonary veins to RA, snowman xray

69
Q

What is Troncus Arteriosus?

A

Spiral membrane not develop => one A/P trunk, mixed blood

70
Q

What is Ebstein’s Anomaly?

A

Tricuspid prolapse, Mom’s Li increases risk

71
Q

What can Lithium do to Mom?

A

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

72
Q

What is Cinchonism?

A

Hearing loss, tinnitus, thrombocytopenia

73
Q

What organs have resistance in series?

A

Liver, kidney

AM PP Clues (8 decks)

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