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Year 1 extras > Resp Quesmed notes > Flashcards

Resp Quesmed notes Flashcards

1
Q

ARDS

A

Pulmonary oedema (bilateral opacification)

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2
Q

ARDS causes

A

interventions

sepsis

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3
Q

ARDS presentation

A 
shortness of breath
confusion
presyncope (faintess)
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4
Q

ARDS investigations

A

CXR and CT

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5
Q

Management of ARDS

A

Ventilatory support

Haemodynamic support

DVT prophylaxis

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6
Q

Asbestosis

A

pleural plaque disease

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7
Q

Asbestosis signs

A

crepitations
clubbing
cyanosis
reduced chest expansion

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8
Q

Asbestosis tests

A

Restrictive signs

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9
Q

Aspiration pneumonia

A

unsafe swallow

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10
Q

Aspiration pneumonia organisms

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus
Haemophilus influenzae
Enterobacteriaceae Pseudomonas

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11
Q

Aspiration pneumonia treatment

A

IV cephalosporin and IV metronidazole.

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12
Q

Asthma can cause hyperinflation of the chest

A

True

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13
Q

asthma investigations

A

ABGs
Blood tests
CXR

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14
Q

Asthma mimics

A

Acid Reflux
Churg-Strauss Syndrome
ABPA

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15
Q

Important vaccine

A

pneumococcal vaccine

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16
Q

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy

A 
Mycoplasma
ILD
Neoplasm
TB
Sarcoidosis
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17
Q

Bronchiectasis organisms

A

Haemophilius Influenzae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Streptococcus Pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus

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18
Q

Bronchiectasis investigations

A 
Spirometry
Sputum
CXR
CT
Bronchoscopy
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19
Q

Indications for lLong Term Oxygen Therapy

A

PaO2 <7.3kPa or <8kPa

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20
Q

What has a barking cough?

A

Croup

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21
Q

Croup management

A

Oxygen
Dexamethasone
Adrenaline

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22
Q

CF complications

A

weight loss
clubbing
hematemesis

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23
Q

CF diagnosis

A

heel prick
sweat test
faecal elastase

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24
Q

CF management

A

antibiotics
Nebulised mucolytics
Bronchodilators

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25
Q

Bronchiectasis best investigation

A

CT

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26
Q

Bronchiectasis signs

A

yellow/green cough
clubbing
fine inspiratory crackles
coarse crepitations

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27
Q

Bronchiectasis management

A

chest physiotherapy

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28
Q

Haemopytsis differentials

A

Bronchiectasis
Aspergilloma
Pneumonia
TB

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29
Q

Horner’s syndrome is…

A

eye drooping.

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30
Q

Lung cancer signs

A 
Cachexia
Clubbing
Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy
Anaemia
Pleural effusion
Enlargement of lymph nodes
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31
Q

Lung cancer investigations

A

Sputum cytology
CXR
CT
Bronchoscopy

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32
Q

Lung abscess symptoms

A

Fever

Productive cough: foul-smelling purulent mucus

Dyspnoea

Lethargy

Night sweats

Weight loss

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33
Q

Lung abscess investigations

A 
Blood
Sputum
CXR
CT
Bronchoscopy
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34
Q

OSA investigation

A

Polysomnography

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35
Q

Investigation of a pleural effusion

A

Blood tests and CXR

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36
Q

Pneumocystis Pneumonia features

A

Fever
Non productive cough
Exertional breathlessness

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37
Q

Pneumocystis Pneumonia investigations

A

CXR and CT

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38
Q

Pneumocystis Pneumonia treatment

A

Co-trimoxazole

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39
Q

Most common causes of pneumonia

A

Haemophilus influenzae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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40
Q

Aspiration pneumonia more commonly affects the left lung.

A

False

Right lung

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41
Q

Who is staphylococcal pneumonia found in?

A

drug users
elderly patients
previously infected

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42
Q

Features of Klebsiella pneumonia

A

upper lobes

puss

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43
Q

Who is at risk of Klebsiella pneumonia?

A 
diabetics
COPD
renal failure
elderly
alcoholics
malignancy
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44
Q

Symptoms of Mycoplasma pneumonia

A 
flu
arthralgia
myalgia
dry cough
headache
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45
Q

Mycoplasma pneumonia typically affects older patients.

A

False

younger patients

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46
Q

Signs of Legionella pneumonia

A

hyponatraemia and deranged LFTs

PCR

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47
Q

Symptoms of Legionella pneumonia

A

fever
myalgia
dyspnoea
dry cough

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48
Q

Legionella pneumonia history

A

air conditioning

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49
Q

Chlamydophila psittaci pneumonia history

A

Animals

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50
Q

Chlamydophila psittaci pneumonia effects

A

liver
spleen
heart
skin

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51
Q

Chlamydophila psittaci pneumonia effects

A

liver
spleen
heart
skin

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52
Q

Pneumocystis pneumonia develops in immunosuppressed individuals with CD4+ < ____.

A

< 200 cells/uL

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53
Q

Management of Pneumonia

A 
Oxygen
Fluid management
Analgesia
Antibiotics
CXR
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54
Q

Management of Pneumonia

A 
Oxygen
Fluids
Analgesia
Antibiotics
CXR
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55
Q

CXR signs of PE

A

Fleischner sign
Hampton’s hump
Westermark’s sign

56
Q

IPF can cause left sided heart failure.

A

False

right sided

57
Q

Antifibrotic drug example

A

Pirfenidine

58
Q

Pulmonary embolism heart sounds

A

loud P2

S3

59
Q

Investigations for pulmonary hypertension

A

ECG
Echocardiogram
Right heart catheterisation

60
Q

Which investigation for pulmonary hypertension is the gold standard?

A

Right heart catheterisation:

mean pulmonary artery pressure >25mmHg

61
Q

How can pulmonary vascular resistance be reduced?

A 
oxygen therapy
Nifedipine
Sildenafil
Prostacycline analogues
Bosentan
62
Q

What does an aspirin overdose cause?

A

Respiratory alkalosis

63
Q

Sarcoidosis investigations

A

Tissue biopsy
CXR
CT

64
Q

Nicotine replacement therapy can be used for up to _ weeks.

A

8

65
Q

Bupropion

A

inhibits reuptake of dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin in the brain

66
Q

Varenicline

A

partial nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist

67
Q

Normal FEV1/ FVC ratio

A

> 0.7

68
Q

TB symptoms

A

night sweats
fever
weight loss

69
Q

TB investigations

A 
CXR
Sputum 
Biopsy
Stained samples
Culture
PCR
IGRAs
Mantoux test
70
Q

Managing a viral infection shorter than 1 week

A

Conservative

71
Q

Asthma histology

A

Curshmann spirals

72
Q

What does an unsafe swallow increase risk from?

A

Anaerobic bacterias

- abscesses

73
Q

Hyoscine

A

Clears lung secretions

74
Q

O2 therapy indications

A

hypertension
hypoxaemia
oedema
hemoglobin

75
Q

Conjestive heart failure sign

A

Elevated JVP

76
Q

IPF is not responsive to…

A

steroids.

77
Q

IPF investigation

A

CT

78
Q

Which cancer causes joint swelling?

A

Adenocarcinoma

79
Q

Thrombophilia treatment

A

Anticoagulation for life

80
Q

Which drug reduces swelling?

A

Dexomethasone

81
Q

How does pneumocystis present on imaging?

A

Bilateral opacification

82
Q

Pneumocystis investigation

A

Silver stain

83
Q

TB liquidy signs

A

pleural effusion
acid fast (Ziehl Neelson stain)
sputum

84
Q

Bullectomy

A

For large dilations

85
Q

Lung cancer investigation order

A

CT then biopsy

86
Q

PE management

A

DOAC
LMWH
Heparin
IVCF

87
Q

Low cardiothoracic ratio

A

ARDS

88
Q

High cardiothoracic ratio

A

Heart failure

89
Q

Meig’s syndrome

A

ovarian tumour
transudate
ascites

90
Q

Pulmonary fibrosis

A

restrictive

low DCLO

91
Q

Near fatal asthma

A

High pCO2

92
Q

Measuring peak flow

A

Highest of 3 readings

93
Q

hematemesis with tumour

A

Invaded bronchi

Usually upper lobes

94
Q

PEFR diary is kept for _ weeks

A

2

95
Q

Strep pneumoniae signs

A

herpes

increased vocal resonance

96
Q

Life threatening asthma management

A

ICU

97
Q

Cancer causing hypercalcemia

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

98
Q

Cancer causing hyponatremia and hyperpigmentation

A

SLCL

99
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma treatment

A

Fluids

100
Q

TB affects the ____ lobes.

A

upper

101
Q

CAP treatment can cause…

A

emphysema.

102
Q

If a patient having an asthma attack can speak they should be given ________. If not, they should be given ________.

A

predisnolone

hydrocortisone

103
Q

COPD signs

A

flattened hemi-diaphragms
hyperressonant precssion note
white cough

104
Q

Left heart failure signs

A

white frothy sputum
dyspnoea
coarse bilateral crackles
pleural effusion

105
Q

Left heart failure management

A

Captopril
Bisoprolol
Pneumococcal vaccination

106
Q

Autoimmune haemolytic pneumonia signs

A

bullseye
blue
breathless

107
Q

Upper lobes afflictions

A

CF
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Aspergilloma
TB

108
Q

.

A

.

109
Q

What drug raises INR?

A

🚝

110
Q

Investigating CAP: —- > FBCs

A

U&E

111
Q

Is asthma associated with the oral contraceptive pill?

A

Yes

112
Q

Rusty sputum

A

Strep pneumonia

113
Q

Bacteria spread by ventilation

A

Pseudomonas

114
Q

Thrombolysis is contraindicated if…

A

the patient has ever had a stroke.

115
Q

Lupus

A

low complement

116
Q

Thrombophilia diagnosis

A

anticardiolipin

117
Q

IPF on CT

A

honeycombing

118
Q

Venturi

A

Controlled delivery for CO2 retainers (COPD)

119
Q

Non rebreath

A

For deteriorating patients

120
Q

NIV with BiPAP

A

For proven retainers after performing ABG

121
Q

Bronchiectasis signs

A

signet rings
clubbing
coarse crackles

122
Q

Exudate ratio >

A

0.5

123
Q

COPD heart signs

A

right atrial enlargement
peaked inferior P waves
low QRS

124
Q

Pneumocystis pneumonia signs

A

excertional dyspnoea
dry cough
bilateral fine inspirational infiltrates

125
Q

Superior vena cava treatment

A

Reduce swelling

126
Q

Sarcoidosis signs

A

uveitis
neuropathy
hypercalcemia
purple face rash

127
Q

Pneumothorax cannula

A

16-18G

128
Q

Aspirin causes acidosis.

A

False

Alkalosis

129
Q

Staph aureus symptoms

A

dry cough
myalgia
coryza

130
Q

Sarcoidosis drugs

A

NSAIDs

131
Q

OSA arrests…

A

the right heart.

132
Q

Positive cytology

A

Malignant pleural effusion

133
Q

Pulmonary hypertension heart signs

A

prominent a and v waves

split S2

134
Q

Haemodynamically unstable PE

A

Thrombolysis

135
Q

Suspected PE with no leg signs

A

V/Q scan

Year 1 extras (6 decks)

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