Question notes Flashcards
Dupuytren’s contracture sign
Palm nodules
Dupuytren’s contracture cause
alcoholic liver disease
LFT sign in alcoholics
high AST:ALT
Herring
Vitamin D
Whipple’s disease
jejunal biopsy
Rockall score use
upper gi bleeding
Variceal bleed management
IV fluids IV terlipressin IV antibiotics Don’t over transfuse Propanolol long term
Where is B12 absorbed?
Terminal ileum
Which tumour are coeliac disease patients at an increased risk for?
small bowel lymphoma
What is urinary porphobilinogen?
haem metabolism disorder
Urinary porphobilinogen symptoms
pain, nausea, lethargy
What can macrolides cause?
dyspepsia
Shigella treatment
ciprofloxacin
Pouchitis treatment
Metronidazole
Which drug causes cholestasis?
Coamoxiclav
Treating fungal infections
Fluconazole
Treating oral ulcers
Chlorhexidine
UC drugs
ciclosporin
mercaptopurine
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
pigment
Gold standard diagnosis of coeliac disease
duodenal biopsy
Schistosomiasis symptom
liver, urinary, abdominal
What does Senna (laxative) cause?
pigmentation of the lamina propria
Octreotide
somatostatin analogue used in carcinoid syndrome
What are the Rockall score components?
age
shock
comorbidities
Scan for coeliac disease complications
DEXA scan
Hemochromatosis causes a loss of…
coordination.
What are signs of coeliac disease?
- Howell Jolly bodies
- Dermatitis herpetiformis
- Hypersegmented nutrophils
- Pruritic papulovesiculsr lesions
What is a common cause of liver failure?
Pneumonia
What are some side effects of amlodipine?
- relaxes lower oesophageal sphincter (reflux)
- hepatotoxic
Liver biopsy is indicated if INR < __
1.5
Why is urea high in upper GI bleeds?
Bacteria breaks down blood proteins
Asterixis
Hepatic flap
🧑🏾
👔
Indometacin
NSAID
Which drug causes peptic ulcers?
Prednisolone
Zolinger Ellison
Increased gastrin
Giardia symptoms
diarrhoea, steatorrhoea, weight loss
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma signs
Absent urobilinogen and bilirubinuria
🚝
Crohn’s
Treating alcohol withdrawal
benzodiazepine (Chlordiazepoxide)
Secretin is stronger than somatostatin
True
What are ECL cells stimulated by?
Gastrin
What does GLUT5 fascilitate?
fructose diffusion
Trypsinogen is a ______ enzyme.
pancreatic
Secretin stimulates the release of…
aqueous salts.
CCK acts on the…
gall bladder.
Where is Brunner’s gland?
duodenum submucosa
Increased protein
Increased gastrin
Gilbert’s syndrome
impaired bilirubin conjugation
Gilbert’s syndrome presentation
normal stool and urine
What is pellagra?
B3 deficiency
- dementia
- diarrhoea
- dermatitis
Pellagra treatment
nicotinamide
Biliverdin
hemoglobin breakdown
Which organism reverses the concentration gradient?
Cholera
Vomiting causes a loss of which ions?
H+
Surface mucous cells
Cardia
Pylorus
Mucous neck cells
Fundus
Body
Prostaglandin synthesis is reduced by
salicylates
Prehepatic jaundice LFT sign
high MCV
Posthepatic jaundice LFT sign
high ALP
conjugated bilirubin
Which cells does the cephalic phase affect?
chief and parietal cells
GLUT
facilitated
SGLT
active
Biguanide
reduces gluconeogenesis
Name a motilin agonist
Erythromycin
Heptidin
iron regulating hormone
Most pancreatic secretions occur during which phase?
Intestinal
Duct cells ion exchange
Cl and HCO3
Circulating emetics trigger…
vomiting
Glucose causes GIP secretion, which…
causes insulin secretion, which delays gastric emptying.
Miscelles contain vitamin _.
K
Which cancer causes cholestasis?
Pancreatic cancer
Post hepatic jaundice shows _____ stool and _____ urine.
pale stools and dark urine
Pernicious anemia causes
- hypothyroidism
- diabetes
Typhoid fever symptoms
- fever
- abdominal pain
- blanching rose spots
- initial diarrhoea
- cough
- headache
Rotor syndrome
Rare childhood jaundice
Seton
Fistulotomy
Incision
trans sphinteric
submucosal
perianal
Paracetamol liver failure
PT time
creatinine
encephalopathy
When should you test for coeliac disease?
Grave disease
Autoimmune thyroid disease
Type 1 diabetes
Foul smelling stools are a sign of ______.
Giardia
Imatinib
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Erythema nodosum is dependant on ___.
IBD
Treatment for gastroenteritis
Fluids
What does a perforated peptic ulcer cause?
peritonism with absent Bowel sounds
- treat with laparotomy
What side effect can giardiasis treatment cause?
Absent bowel sounds
Azathioprine > Methotrexate
True
What can Carcinoid tumours cause?
- bronchospasm
- diarrhoea
- flushing
- heart failure
What do Carcinoid tumours release?
Serotonin
Test with urinary 5HIAA
What is the treatment for autoimmune hepatitis?
azathioprine
Which drug causes bile malabsorption and diarrhoea?
Metformin
What does TRUELOVE score?
UC
Does primary biliary cirrhosis cause granulomas?
Yes
Which drug causes a metallic taste in the mouth?
Metronidazole
Venesection
Draining blood
How are severe UC flare ups treated?
IV steroids
Raised INR
acute liver failure
TIPPS can worsen…
encephalopathy.
How long should H pylori be retested for in?
After 4-8 weeks
Oesophageal webs cause
PVS
High grade displasia treatment
Ablation
Risedronate side effect
Peptic ulcers
Prothrombin complex concentrate works faster than vitamin K infusion.
True
icteric
jaundice
febrile
fever
Cholangiocarcinoma signs and symptoms
- Ca 19-9
- Itch
Gastric ulcers are _________ by eating.
Duodenal ulcers are _________ by eating.
Gastric ulcers are aggravated by eating.
Duodenal ulcers are relieved by eating.
Secretin stimulation test use
hormone secreting tumours
When is a liver transplant indicated?
pH < 7.3 after 24 hours
Encephalopathy treatment
Oral lactulose and branched chain amino acids
IBD flares present with…
fever.
Raised ASMAs
Autoimmune hepatitis
Raised bilirubin
Excoriations (scratching)
H pylori in patients over 55
urgent endoscopy
A1 antitrypsin deficiency symptoms
- shortness of breath
- jaundice
- clubbing
- erythema
Hiatus hernia investigation
barium swallow
Pseudomembrabous colitis presentation
raised yellow plaques across the mucosa
Giardiasis investigations
stool ova cysts and parasites
Which drugs cause constipation?
Opiates
Which drug decreases intracranial pressure?
Mannitol
Which hepatitis increases hepatocellular cancer risk?
Hepatitis B
Which drug is used to treat glossitis and angular cheilitis?
Ferrous sulphate
Low SAAG
Peritoneal cancer
Haemochromatosis marker
Transferrin
Coeliac disease biopsy
Crypt hyperplasia
UC is also associated with…
arthritis.
Diverticulitis is assosciated with…
- frequent vaginal infections
- pain worse after meals
- pain relieved by flatulence and passing of stool
- constipation
- fevers
- rectal bleeding
H pylori increases the risk of carcinomas. What is a sign of this?
Signet rings
Docusate
fecal softener
PPI side effect
hypomagnesaemia
Metoclopramide side effect
Migraine
Which drug is commonly misused?
Antihistamines
Which drug masks cancer?
Ranitidine
Which drug is contraindicated in IBS?
Lactulose
Loperamide mechanism of action
Opioid agonist
Which drug should be avoided in the elderly?
Ispaghula
