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Year 1 extras > Cardio quesmed notes > Flashcards

Cardio quesmed notes Flashcards

1
Q

Management for adverse effects of bradycardia

A

atropine 500 mcg IV

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2
Q

Causes of acute myocarditis

A

Viral infection
Diptheria
Chagas’ disease
Auto-immune

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3
Q

Symptoms of acute myocarditis

A

Pain
Fatigue
Palpitations
Symptoms of heart failure

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4
Q

narrow complex tachycardias

A

QRS < 120 ms

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5
Q

Brugada syndrome

A

genetic condition caused by sodium channelopathies

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6
Q

Surgery if mitral valve area >

A

1.5 cm²

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7
Q

Flow murmur

A

Asymptomatic
Blowing
Can be caused by anaemia

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8
Q

Labetol

A

BP lowering

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9
Q

Heart failure drugs

A

Bisoprolol
Eplerenone
Ramipril
Ivabradine

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10
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Abnormal asymmetrical hypertrophy of the inter-ventricular septum

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11
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy cause

A

Autosomal dominant sarcomeric gene mutations

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12
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy symptoms

A 
palpitations
dizziness
dyspnoea
exertion syncope
fatigue
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13
Q

Murmur heard in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Systolic crescendo decrescendo murmur along the left sternal boarder

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14
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can be asymptomatic.

A

True

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15
Q

Indications for invasive by monitoring

A

Persistent hypertension

End organ compromise

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16
Q

Acute hypertensive emergency

A

Can be asymptomatic

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17
Q

Atropine initial dose

A

500 ug

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18
Q

AF with hypotension

A

Electrical cardioversion

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19
Q

STEMI aspirin dose

A

300mg

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20
Q

ORBIT

A

Anticoagulation safety scoring

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21
Q

Drug used after GTN

A

Ca channel blockers

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22
Q

Drug used after GTN

A

Ca channel blockers

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23
Q

Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndrome

A

headache
sweating
tachycardia

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24
Q

Conn’s syndrome presentation

A

resistant hypertension

hypokalaemia

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25
Q

Addison’s

A

hypoaldosteronism

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26
Q

Cushing’s syndrome presentation

A

resistant hypertension and unfitness

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27
Q

Streptococcus bovis

A

CRC

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28
Q

Rhythm control for AF

A

48 hours

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29
Q

Lateral MI

A

Left circumflex

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30
Q

Inferior MI

A

Right coronary artery

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31
Q

VT

A

🧬

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32
Q

VT treatment

A

magnesium sulphate

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33
Q

Severe aortic stenosis

A

< 1 cm

> 40 mmHg

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34
Q

Aortic dissection imaging

A

TOE

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35
Q

Dresslers ECG

A

ST elevation

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36
Q

High CHADVASC

A

anticoagulate

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37
Q

AF presentation

A

dyspnoea on exertion and palpitations

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38
Q

Stable AF treatment

A

Digoxin

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39
Q

Permanent AF increases the risk of…

A

stroke.

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40
Q

Unstable AF treatment

A

DC cardioversion

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41
Q

Kussmaul’s sign

A

JVP rises on inspiration

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42
Q

3rd degree heart block symptoms

A

dizziness and bradycardia

43
Q

Drugs for stroke prophylaxis

A

digoxin
carvedilol
warfarin

44
Q

Aortic stenosis investigations

A

Echocardiogram

45
Q

Wolff parkinson white ECG

A

Short PR

Tachycardia

46
Q

Right coronary artery disease ECG

A

long PR

47
Q

Risk factor for sudden cardiac death

A

Unexplained syncope

48
Q

Cardiac tamponade signs

A

hypotension
raised JVP
muffled heart sounds

49
Q

Atrial flutter treatment

A

Bisoprolol

50
Q

Amyloidosis presentation

A

sparkling
heart failure
arrhythmias

51
Q

Fibrates

A

increase HDL

52
Q

Anti angina drugs

A 
K channel blockers
Ca blockers
B blockers
Ivabradine
Nitrates
53
Q

Contraindication for thrombolysis

A

Recent aggressive CPR

54
Q

Myocardial ischemia ECG

A

ST depression

55
Q

What do Thiazide diuretics act on?

A

Triple co-transporter in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle

56
Q

What do Loop diuretics act on?

A

Thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle

57
Q

LAD leads

A

V1-V6

58
Q

Ventricular fibrillation ECG

A

squiggly

59
Q

Acute endocarditis organism

A

S Aureus

60
Q

Acute endocarditis organism

A

S Aureus

61
Q

Left heart failure has peripheral symptoms.

A

False

62
Q

Aortic regurgitation location

A

left lower sternal border

63
Q

Treating digoxin toxicity

A

digibind

64
Q

Bradykinin accumulation

A

oedema

65
Q

HMG CoA reductase

A

Catalyzes conversion of HMG to mevanolic acid

66
Q

Statins are competitive.

A

True

67
Q

Diabetics with hypertension

A

ACE inhibitors

68
Q

Aspirin in children causes…

A

Reyes.

69
Q

Spironolactone

A

Antagonises Zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex to inhibit aldosterone receptors

70
Q

Spironolactone side effect

A

Gynaecomastia

71
Q

Statin side effect

A

Rhabdomyolysis (myositis)

72
Q

Statin side effect

A

Rhabdomyolysis (myositis)

73
Q

Carvedilol

A

a and b antagonist

74
Q

Phentolamine

A

a antagonist

75
Q

Clonidine

A

a2-adrenoceptor agonist

76
Q

4 classes

A

VT

77
Q

Verapamil contraindication

A

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

78
Q

Eplerenone

A

mineralocorticoid antagonist

79
Q

Eplerenone

A

mineralocorticoid antagonist

80
Q

Milrinone

A

Reduces CAMP breakdown to treat heart failure

81
Q

Amiodarone

A

K channel blocker

82
Q

NKCC2

A

Reabsorbs sodium from urine

83
Q

Sympathetic post ganglionic ACh acts on…

A

sweat glands.

84
Q

_______ cause largest decrease in bp and velocity.

A

Arterioles

85
Q

Adenosine

A

Vasodilates

86
Q

Flow =

A

Change in pressure / Resistance

87
Q

Increased EDV

A

Increased sarcomeric length
Increased sensitivity to calcium
Increased cells bridge rate

88
Q

Saline

A

Reduces haemoglobin concentration

89
Q

________ heart rate increases coronary flow.

A

Decreased

90
Q

________ chain causes reduced distal blood flow.

A

Sympathetic

91
Q

Heart failure fluid signs

A

Increased ADH

Reduced glomerular filtration

92
Q

Decompensed heart failure

A

Oedema

93
Q

AP length

A

250 ms

94
Q

AP length

A

250 ms

95
Q

Heart failure presentation

A

Elevated right atrial pressure

96
Q

Heart failure presentation

A

Elevated right atrial pressure

97
Q

Warfarin

A

in vivo

INR

98
Q

Macrolides _______ Warfarin activity.

A

increase

99
Q

Alteplase

A

clot buster

100
Q

Funny current

A

Na and K

101
Q

Funny current increases when ______ increases.

A

adrenaline

102
Q

Cardiac muscle is arranged in a…

A

syncytium.

103
Q

What allows charge to spread between myocytes?

A

Intercalated discs

104
Q

Heart failure causes upregulation of….

A

the sarcolemmal Na+/Ca2+ exchanger.

Year 1 extras (6 decks)

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