resp failure

Question 1

what is it? what are the types?

Answer 1

Respiratory failure describes the inability of the respiratory system to maintain adequate gas exchange.

type 1 + 2

Question 2

what is type 1?

Answer 2

↓ pO2 with a normal or ↓ pCO2

Question 3

what is type 2?

Answer 3

↑ pCO2 with a normal or ↓ pO2
hypercapnia → ↓ pH → respiratory acidosis

Question 4

what causes type 1?

Answer 4

pneumonia
pulmonary embolism
asthma
pulmonary oedema
acute respiratory distress syndrome

Question 5

what causes type 2?

Answer 5

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
decompensation in other respiratory conditions e.g. life-threatening asthma / pulmonary oedema
neuromuscular disease
obesity hypoventilation syndrome
sedative drugs: benzodiazepines, opiate overdose

Question 6

when is NIV given?

Answer 6

COPD with respiratory acidosis pH 7.25-7.35
type II respiratory failure secondary to chest wall deformity, neuromuscular disease or obstructive sleep apnoea
cardiogenic pulmonary oedema unresponsive to CPAP
weaning from tracheal intubation