renal tubular acidosis

Question 1

what are all types of RTA assoc with?

Answer 1

hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis (normal anion gap).

Question 2

what is in type 1?

Answer 2

inability to generate acid urine (secrete H+) in distal tubule
causes hypokalaemia

Question 3

causes of type 1?

Answer 3

causes include idiopathic, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, Sjogren’s, amphotericin B toxicity, analgesic nephropathy

Question 4

where is type 1?

Answer 4

distal

Question 5

what is in type 2?

Answer 5

decreased HCO3- reabsorption in proximal tubule
causes hypokalaemia

Question 6

where is type 2?

Answer 6

proximal

Question 7

complication of type2?

Answer 7

osteomalacia

Question 8

causes of type 2?

Answer 8

causes include idiopathic, as part of Fanconi syndrome, Wilson’s disease, cystinosis, outdated tetracyclines, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolamide, topiramate)

Question 9

complications of type1?

Answer 9

complications include nephrocalcinosis and renal stones

Question 10

where is type 3?

Answer 10

mixed

Question 11

what features of type3?

Answer 11

extremely rare
results in hypokalaemia

Question 12

what happens in type4?

Answer 12

reduction in aldosterone leads in turn to a reduction in proximal tubular ammonium excretion
causes hyperkalaemia

Question 13

cause of type 3?

Answer 13

caused by carbonic anhydrase II deficiency

Question 14

cause of type 4?

Answer 14

causes include hypoaldosteronism, diabetes