resp extra

Question 1

epithelium of airways

Answer 1

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Question 2

Which centre is responsible for deepening and prolonging breathing?

Answer 2

apneusitc

Question 2

effect of obstruction on FEV/FVC

Answer 2

<0.7

Question 3

visceral pleura innervation

Answer 3

vagus

Question 4

what does the parietal and visceral pleura sense

Answer 4

parietal = pain and temp
visceral = stretch

Question 5

what innervates parietal nerves

Answer 5

intercostal nerves

Question 6

diff between chronic and acute type 2 resp failure

Answer 6

high bicarb in chronic

Question 7

effect of ageing on the respiratory system?

Answer 7

Decreased FEV/FVC
Delayed response to hypercapnia/hypoxia
Decreased immune function
Loss of elastic recoil

Question 8

PURPOSE OF COUGHING

Answer 8

o move material from the vocal cords to the pharynx

Question 9

main mechanism of exhalation

Answer 9

elastic recoil

Question 10

function of normal colon

Answer 10

water absorption

Question 11

volume of dead space in lungs

Answer 11

125ml

Question 12

cartilage of epiglottis

Answer 12

elastic

Question 13

cartilage of artenoid, cricoid, thyroid, trachea

Answer 13

hyaline

Question 14

what cartilage can only be seen from posterior larynx

Answer 14

Artyenoid

Question 15

in hilum of lung what is relation of right pulmonary artery to right main bronchus

Answer 15

anterior

Question 16

inferior extent of lung in mid clavicular line, mid axillary and posteriorly

Answer 16

6,8,10

Question 17

inferior extent of parietal pleura in mid clavicular line, mid axillary and posteriorly

Answer 17

8,10,12

Question 18

innervation of infrahyoid muscles except thyrohyoid

Answer 18

C1-C3 spinal nerves

Question 19

causes of type 2 resp failure

Answer 19

kyphoscoliosis /
ankylosing spondylitis, obesity, muscular dystrophy, motor
neurone disease / Guillain Barre, COPD or loss of respiratory
drive (opioids)

Question 20

in a pt with COPD what does ventillatory drive depend on

Answer 20

hypoxia

Question 21

which infrahyoid muscles lie deep to sternohyoid in anterior triangle of neck

Answer 21

sternothyroid, thyrohyoid

Question 22

what do peripheral chemoreceptors detect

Answer 22

paO2 from Cn9

Question 23

apneustic centre function

Answer 23

control intensity of inspiration

Question 24

what is daltons law

Answer 24

Sum of the partial pressure of gasses = the total partial pressure , composition of inspired air, fractions don’t change, pressures do.

Question 25

what nerve innervates pericardium

Answer 25

phrenic C3-C5

Question 26

function residual capacity

Answer 26

Volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal, passive exhalation.

Question 27

airway restriction from fvc

Answer 27

fvc<805

Question 28

dead space

Answer 28

Volume of air that reaches the alveoli though does not partake in gas exchange.

Question 29

What connects adjacent alveoli that allows movement of macrophages

Answer 29

pores of kohn

Question 30

whose law is The amount of dissolved gas in a liquid is proportional to its partial pressure above the liquid

Answer 30

henry's law

Question 31

If you examine a child who has aspirated a peanut with a bronchoscope, you would probably find it lodged in the secondary bronchus of which of the following?

Answer 31

right lower lobe

Question 32

Give 2 examples of non-immune host defence mechanisms

Answer 32

Mucocillary clearance, coughing, sneezing, commensal bacterial population

Question 33

causes of type 1 resp failure

Answer 33

Pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension, COPD (can be type 1 and 2), pulmonary fibrosis, shunting

Question 34

Which type of lung cancer is associated with asbestos exposure?

Answer 34

Mesothelioma

Question 35

what wbc release histamine

Answer 35

basophils

Question 36

Ohm’s law?

Answer 36

Pressure = cardiac output x resistance

Question 37

At what vertebral level does the trachea bifurcate into left and right main bronchi?

Answer 37

T4

Question 38

laplace law eq

Answer 38

P=2T/r

Question 39

type 2 hypersensitivity

Answer 39

Antigen - Antibody complex formation

Question 40

Name the only intrinsic laryngeal muscle not innervated by recurrent laryngeal

Answer 40

cricothyroid

Question 41

pathway of pulmonary arteries

Answer 41

Right Pulmonary Artery: Passes horizontally across the mediastinum and enters the right lung. Left Pulmonary Artery: Passes laterally and slightly upward, entering the left lung.

Question 42

blood supply of lung tissues

Answer 42

Right Lung: Usually supplied by a single bronchial artery, which can arise from the right intercostal artery or directly from the aorta. Left Lung: Typically supplied by two bronchial arteries, arising directly from the thoracic aorta.

Question 43

What is the innervation of all infrahyoid muscles except thyrohyoid?

Answer 43

C1-C3 spinal nerves through the ansa cervicalis

Question 44

Which of the following complications does usually arise from thyroidectomy

Answer 44

Iatrogenic hypothyroidism B) Hypoparathyroidism C) Hypocalcemia D) Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy causing hoarse voice