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resp extra Flashcards

1
Q

epithelium of airways

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

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2
Q

Which centre is responsible for deepening and prolonging breathing?

A

apneusitc

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2
Q

effect of obstruction on FEV/FVC

A

<0.7

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3
Q

visceral pleura innervation

A

vagus

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4
Q

what does the parietal and visceral pleura sense

A

parietal = pain and temp
visceral = stretch

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5
Q

what innervates parietal nerves

A

intercostal nerves

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6
Q

diff between chronic and acute type 2 resp failure

A

high bicarb in chronic

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7
Q

effect of ageing on the respiratory system?

A

Decreased FEV/FVC
Delayed response to hypercapnia/hypoxia
Decreased immune function
Loss of elastic recoil

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8
Q

PURPOSE OF COUGHING

A

o move material from the vocal cords to the pharynx

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9
Q

main mechanism of exhalation

A

elastic recoil

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10
Q

function of normal colon

A

water absorption

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11
Q

volume of dead space in lungs

A

125ml

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12
Q

cartilage of epiglottis

A

elastic

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13
Q

cartilage of artenoid, cricoid, thyroid, trachea

A

hyaline

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14
Q

what cartilage can only be seen from posterior larynx

A

Artyenoid

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15
Q

in hilum of lung what is relation of right pulmonary artery to right main bronchus

A

anterior

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16
Q

inferior extent of lung in mid clavicular line, mid axillary and posteriorly

A

6,8,10

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17
Q

inferior extent of parietal pleura in mid clavicular line, mid axillary and posteriorly

A

8,10,12

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18
Q

innervation of infrahyoid muscles except thyrohyoid

A

C1-C3 spinal nerves

19
Q

causes of type 2 resp failure

A

kyphoscoliosis /
ankylosing spondylitis, obesity, muscular dystrophy, motor
neurone disease / Guillain Barre, COPD or loss of respiratory
drive (opioids)

20
Q

in a pt with COPD what does ventillatory drive depend on

A

hypoxia

21
Q

which infrahyoid muscles lie deep to sternohyoid in anterior triangle of neck

A

sternothyroid, thyrohyoid

22
Q

what do peripheral chemoreceptors detect

A

paO2 from Cn9

23
Q

apneustic centre function

A

control intensity of inspiration

24
Q

what is daltons law

A

Sum of the partial pressure of gasses = the total partial pressure , composition of inspired air, fractions don’t change, pressures do.

25
Q

what nerve innervates pericardium

A

phrenic C3-C5

26
Q

function residual capacity

A

Volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal, passive exhalation.

27
Q

airway restriction from fvc

A

fvc<805

28
Q

dead space

A

Volume of air that reaches the alveoli though does not partake in gas exchange.

29
Q

What connects adjacent alveoli that allows movement of macrophages

A

pores of kohn

30
Q

whose law is The amount of dissolved gas in a liquid is
proportional to its partial pressure above the liquid

A

henry’s law

31
Q

If you examine a child who has aspirated a peanut with a bronchoscope, you would
probably find it lodged in the secondary bronchus of which of the following?

A

right lower lobe

32
Q

Give 2 examples of non-immune host defence mechanisms

A

Mucocillary clearance, coughing, sneezing, commensal bacterial population

33
Q

causes of type 1 resp failure

A

Pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension, COPD (can be type 1 and 2), pulmonary
fibrosis, shunting

34
Q

Which type of lung cancer is associated with asbestos exposure?

A

Mesothelioma

35
Q

what wbc release histamine

A

basophils

36
Q

Ohm’s law?

A

Pressure = cardiac output x resistance

37
Q

At what
vertebral level does the trachea bifurcate into left and right main bronchi?

A

T4

38
Q

laplace law eq

A

P=2T/r

39
Q

type 2 hypersensitivity

A

Antigen - Antibody complex formation

40
Q

Name the only intrinsic laryngeal muscle not innervated by recurrent laryngeal

A

cricothyroid

41
Q

pathway of pulmonary arteries

A

Right Pulmonary Artery: Passes horizontally across the mediastinum and enters the right lung.
Left Pulmonary Artery: Passes laterally and slightly upward, entering the left lung.

42
Q

blood supply of lung tissues

A

Right Lung: Usually supplied by a single bronchial artery, which can arise from the right intercostal artery or directly from the aorta.
Left Lung: Typically supplied by two bronchial arteries, arising directly from the thoracic aorta.

43
Q

What is the innervation of all infrahyoid muscles except thyrohyoid?

A

C1-C3 spinal nerves through the ansa cervicalis

44
Q

Which of the following complications does usually arise from thyroidectomy

A

Iatrogenic hypothyroidism
B) Hypoparathyroidism
C) Hypocalcemia
D) Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy causing hoarse voice

45
Q
A

extra (10 decks)

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