IMMS extra Flashcards
normal conc range for serum calcium
2.2 - 2.7 mmol/L
What is the codon change for sickle cell
GAG to GTG
Which enzyme catalyses the breakdown of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into 2 3-carbon
molecules?
Aldolase
population of carrier freq of cycstic fibrosis
1/25
what blood cells have perinuclear hoff in light microscopy
plasma
sensitivity formula
positive with disease/ total with disease
rate limiting enzyme for krebs cycle
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
what stain turns goblet cells blue
Alcian blue
where in glycolysis is ATP made
Conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate
phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate
what enzyme catalyses 1,3 - bisphosphoglycerate to 3 phosphoglycerate
phosphoglycerate kinase
description of lumbar vertabrae
large vertebral bodies
what disease is anticipation shown
huntingtons
body of thoracic vertabrae
heart shaped
what converts succinate to fumarate
succinate dehydrogenase
how much ATP per turn of krebs
12ATP
when does crossing over and assortment
crossing over = prophase 1
assortment = metaphase 1
What enzyme, and in what way is Citrate Synthase inhibited?
Succinyl CoA, Competitive Inhibition
key characteristic of a cervical column
vertebrae
Bifid spinous process
What intercostal level do the nipples align with generally?
4th
What is meant by oncotic pressure?
Pressure exerted by plasma protein on the capillary wall
Describe the process of the carnitine shuttle starting in the cytoplasm of the cell
Fatty acids are activated/converted to acyl-CoA in the cytoplasm (1)
Fatty acid chains longer than 12Cs are converted to acyl-carnitine (1)
By the enzyme carnitine acyltransferase-1 (1)
In order to cross the mitochondria membrane (1)
Acyl carnitine crosses the membrane before being transferred back into acyl-CoA (1)
By carnitine acyltransferase-2 (1)
What is produced in one round of beta oxidation?
1 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 1 acetyl CoA
Describe the process by which an excess of acetyl CoA results in ketone production?
2 Acetyl CoAs are converted to Acetoacetyl CoA (1)
By Thiolase (1)
Acetoacetyl CoA is then converted to acetoacetate (1)
Acetoacetate can enter the blood or be converted to B-hydroxybutarate
Acetoacetate can also undergo spontaneous decarboxylation to form acetate (1)
Abnormal expression of which trinucleotide repeat sequence is found to cause
Huntington’s disease?
CAG
