Resp Devo Flashcards
What is the conducting passages of hte respiratory system?
conducting passages deliver clean, warm and moist air
lined by mucosa
wall stabilized by bone, cartilage or muscle
produce seromucous secretions
The lining membrane of cavitiies that have a connection to exterior of body is called what
mucosa
What does mucosa provide?
immunological and physical barrier
source of secretory products
selective absorptive interface
What are the consistent component of a mucosa?
epithelium at the surface
lamina propia a CT layer that supports the epithelium
What is the epithelium and lamina propia of nasal mucosa?
epithelium-ciliated psuedostratified columnar with goblet cells
lamina propia-seromucous glands
-venous plexus
What are glands and cilia interact to remove what?
particulates from mucosa
What is the respiratory epithelium composed of?
columnar cell goblet cells basal cells small granule cells brush cells
What is the olfactory epithelium composed of?
olfactory cells
supporting cells
basal cells
brush cells
What are the subdivisions of the respiratory passages?
pulmonary lobule- a terminal bronchiole and lung itusse
pulmonary acinus – portion of lung supplied by arespiratory bronchiole
What do type II alverolar cells secrete?
phospholipid
proteins
antioxidants
What lung development occurs during the embryonic phase (week 4-7)?
lung primidorium
initial airway branching
What anomalies occur during the embryonic phase?
inadequate partitioning perhaps due to abnoraml or insufficient development of the trachoesophageal septum
anatomic anomalies such as absence of hte lungs, extra lobes, ectopic lobes, or absence of lobes, abnormal or insufficient branching, an accessory lung, bronchogenic cysts pulm anomalies
What is the pseudoglandular phase of development in lung?
airway branching continues
What does the canalicular phase of hte development of the lung?
capillary desnity increases
avelolar cells begin to differentiate
What is the terminal sac phase of respiratory development?
week 26-birth; distal airways dilate, forming terminal sacs
What is congenital bronchopulmonary malformations?
congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation
pulmonary sequestration
congenital lobar emphysema
bronchogenic cyst
What is congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation is what
mass of pulmonary tissue proliferation of bronchial structure at expense of alveolar development
What is embryonic speculation?
asynchronous maturation of the developing lung bud and the surrounding mesenchyme between 16th and 20th weeks, resulting in overgrowth of the terminal airway structures
What is adenomatoid?
refers to histological pattern given by the proliferation of the bronchial glandular elements
What is the histopathology of CCAM?
alveolar spaces lined by a combo of both respiratory and mucus secreting epithelium, forming glandular architechure
What is the classification of CCAM?
type I large macroscopic cysts
Type II small macroscopic cysts
type III microscopic cysts
What are the common clinical characteristics of CCAM?
usually only single lobe
communication with bronchial system
progressive air trapping
respiratory distress , reccurent pulm infections or asymptomatic detected radiographic
How do you treat prenatal hydrops?
thoracentesis
thaoco-amniotic shunt
fetal lobectomy
induce delivery and perform resection
What is teh alveolar phase of lung development?
alveolar formation begins by subdivision of terminal sacs-septation
alveolar septum becomes thinner
What is the postnatal development of lung devo?
most alveoli form after birht
formation proportional to body growth
What does insufficient fluid production by lung lead to?
hypoplastic lung
What are changes in the lung during birht that llow breathing?
fluid replaced by air
cardiac shunt close
pulmonary vessels fill
breathing and sympathetic activation
What is pulmonary surfacant production done by?
type 2 pneumocytes
When does surfacant production occur?
significant increase at 35 weeks and before that there is insufficient surfacant to support life
What are the clinical signs of resp distress in newborn?
rapid breath >60/min flaring nostril chest retraction expiratory grunt cyanotic rapid heart rate anxious expression
What causes respiratory distress in a newborn?
wet lung meconium aspiration pneumonia bilateral choanal atresia congenital diaphragmatic hernia hypoplastic lung development congenital heart disease pulm hemorrhage pneumothorax insufficient pumonary surfacant
What is respiratory distress syndrome/hyaline membrane dsiease?
experience respiratory distress
usually premature
immature lungs
often develop a hyaline membrane in lungs
What is TTN?
transient tachypnea of newborn; begins soon after birth
last a few hours to days
CXR shows diffuse parenchymal iniltrates a wet silhouette around heart or intralobar fluid accumulation
What is meconium aspiration syndrome?
meconium is locally irrirtative, obstructive and medium for bacterial culture
can casue signfiicant distress
CXR shows patchy atelectasis or consolidation
What ratio of L/S (lecithin/sphingomyelin? ratio is needed?
greater than 2.0 less than that increase RDS rate
How do you enhance fetal lung matruation??
admin steroids to mother before deliver
admin surfuctant to the newborn
