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Renal/Resp > Resp Devo > Flashcards

Resp Devo Flashcards

1
Q

What is the conducting passages of hte respiratory system?

A

conducting passages deliver clean, warm and moist air
lined by mucosa
wall stabilized by bone, cartilage or muscle
produce seromucous secretions

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2
Q

The lining membrane of cavitiies that have a connection to exterior of body is called what

A

mucosa

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3
Q

What does mucosa provide?

A

immunological and physical barrier
source of secretory products
selective absorptive interface

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4
Q

What are the consistent component of a mucosa?

A

epithelium at the surface

lamina propia a CT layer that supports the epithelium

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5
Q

What is the epithelium and lamina propia of nasal mucosa?

A

epithelium-ciliated psuedostratified columnar with goblet cells

lamina propia-seromucous glands
-venous plexus

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6
Q

What are glands and cilia interact to remove what?

A

particulates from mucosa

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7
Q

What is the respiratory epithelium composed of?

A 
columnar cell
goblet cells
basal cells
small granule cells
brush cells
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8
Q

What is the olfactory epithelium composed of?

A

olfactory cells
supporting cells
basal cells
brush cells

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9
Q

What are the subdivisions of the respiratory passages?

A

pulmonary lobule- a terminal bronchiole and lung itusse

pulmonary acinus – portion of lung supplied by arespiratory bronchiole

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10
Q

What do type II alverolar cells secrete?

A

phospholipid
proteins
antioxidants

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11
Q

What lung development occurs during the embryonic phase (week 4-7)?

A

lung primidorium

initial airway branching

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12
Q

What anomalies occur during the embryonic phase?

A

inadequate partitioning perhaps due to abnoraml or insufficient development of the trachoesophageal septum

anatomic anomalies such as absence of hte lungs, extra lobes, ectopic lobes, or absence of lobes, abnormal or insufficient branching, an accessory lung, bronchogenic cysts pulm anomalies

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13
Q

What is the pseudoglandular phase of development in lung?

A

airway branching continues

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14
Q

What does the canalicular phase of hte development of the lung?

A

capillary desnity increases

avelolar cells begin to differentiate

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15
Q

What is the terminal sac phase of respiratory development?

A

week 26-birth; distal airways dilate, forming terminal sacs

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16
Q

What is congenital bronchopulmonary malformations?

A

congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation
pulmonary sequestration
congenital lobar emphysema
bronchogenic cyst

17
Q

What is congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation is what

A

mass of pulmonary tissue proliferation of bronchial structure at expense of alveolar development

18
Q

What is embryonic speculation?

A

asynchronous maturation of the developing lung bud and the surrounding mesenchyme between 16th and 20th weeks, resulting in overgrowth of the terminal airway structures

19
Q

What is adenomatoid?

A

refers to histological pattern given by the proliferation of the bronchial glandular elements

20
Q

What is the histopathology of CCAM?

A

alveolar spaces lined by a combo of both respiratory and mucus secreting epithelium, forming glandular architechure

21
Q

What is the classification of CCAM?

A

type I large macroscopic cysts
Type II small macroscopic cysts
type III microscopic cysts

22
Q

What are the common clinical characteristics of CCAM?

A

usually only single lobe
communication with bronchial system
progressive air trapping

respiratory distress , reccurent pulm infections or asymptomatic detected radiographic

23
Q

How do you treat prenatal hydrops?

A

thoracentesis
thaoco-amniotic shunt
fetal lobectomy
induce delivery and perform resection

24
Q

What is teh alveolar phase of lung development?

A

alveolar formation begins by subdivision of terminal sacs-septation
alveolar septum becomes thinner

25
Q

What is the postnatal development of lung devo?

A

most alveoli form after birht

formation proportional to body growth

26
Q

What does insufficient fluid production by lung lead to?

A

hypoplastic lung

27
Q

What are changes in the lung during birht that llow breathing?

A

fluid replaced by air
cardiac shunt close
pulmonary vessels fill
breathing and sympathetic activation

28
Q

What is pulmonary surfacant production done by?

A

type 2 pneumocytes

29
Q

When does surfacant production occur?

A

significant increase at 35 weeks and before that there is insufficient surfacant to support life

30
Q

What are the clinical signs of resp distress in newborn?

A 
rapid breath >60/min
flaring nostril
chest retraction
expiratory grunt
cyanotic
rapid heart rate
anxious expression
31
Q

What causes respiratory distress in a newborn?

A 
wet lung
meconium aspiration
pneumonia
bilateral choanal atresia
congenital diaphragmatic hernia
hypoplastic lung development
congenital heart disease
pulm hemorrhage
pneumothorax
insufficient pumonary surfacant
32
Q

What is respiratory distress syndrome/hyaline membrane dsiease?

A

experience respiratory distress
usually premature
immature lungs
often develop a hyaline membrane in lungs

33
Q

What is TTN?

A

transient tachypnea of newborn; begins soon after birth
last a few hours to days
CXR shows diffuse parenchymal iniltrates a wet silhouette around heart or intralobar fluid accumulation

34
Q

What is meconium aspiration syndrome?

A

meconium is locally irrirtative, obstructive and medium for bacterial culture
can casue signfiicant distress
CXR shows patchy atelectasis or consolidation

35
Q

What ratio of L/S (lecithin/sphingomyelin? ratio is needed?

A

greater than 2.0 less than that increase RDS rate

36
Q

How do you enhance fetal lung matruation??

A

admin steroids to mother before deliver

admin surfuctant to the newborn

Renal/Resp (22 decks)

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