Fungi

Question 1

What is the main infection morphology type of histoplasmosis?

Answer 1

microconidia because of small size, ability to become airborne and penetrate into deep lung

Question 2

What happens when micronidia is inhaled int the deep lung?

Answer 2

engulfed by macrophages where convert to yeast and replicate; delayed type I hsn occurs 3-6 week after exposure

Question 3

What is the hallmark of tissue tresponse to histoplasmoiss infection?

Answer 3

caseating or noncaseating granulomas with mixture of mononuclear phagocytes and lymphocytes

Question 4

What are the result of histoplasmosis infection?

Answer 4

non-specific flu elike syndrome 3-17 days after exposure; and in immunocompetent relatively rare severe disease

Question 5

What are the clinical syndromes associated with histpolasmosis?

Answer 5

pulmonary-coin lesions like TB or lung cancer
acute pericarditis-5% symptomatic pts
dissemination
ocular histooplasmosis syndrome
fibrosing mediastinitis-due to abnormal immune response

Question 6

What facilitates microconidia phagocytoisis by macrophages?

Answer 6

receptors for CD2/18 integrins on surface of Macrophages; and survives oxidative burst

Question 7

Difference between blastomyces and histomyces incubation times and size?

Answer 7

blastomyces larger with longer incubation time 4-6 weeks as opposed to 3-17 days

Question 8

What are the clinical syndromes associtated with blastomyces?

Answer 8

benign and self limiting or chronic granulomatosus

or cutaneous disase as pauples especially when introduced by trauma

Question 9

How does coccidoimycosis appear in the environment?

Answer 9

septate multicellualar hyphae barrel shaped arthrocndidiai

Question 10

What is the spectrum of pulmonary disease in coccidiomycosis?

Answer 10

mild flu like syndrome; 7-21 days after exposure

Question 11

What people are at high risk for coccidiomycosis?

Answer 11

construction workers, agricultural workers and cattle ranchers

Question 12

What is an extremely perilous time for infection with coccidoides?

Answer 12

pregnancy, azole antifungal agents agents can be teratogenic

Question 13

AIDS patients have what percentage of coccidiodes infection in endemic regions?

Answer 13

25%

Question 14

What treatment do you do for mild to moderate histo or blasto?

Answer 14

itraconazole

Question 15

What treatment do you do for severe disease of fungal infections?

Answer 15

amphotericin B and itraconazole