Resp Flashcards
1
Q
What are the cardiac causes of SOB
A
- CHF
- ACS/SA
- Pericarditis/cardiac tamponade
- Arrhythmias
- V alvular disease
- Congenital heart disease
2
Q
What are the systemic causes of SOB?
A
- Severe chronic anemia
- Sepsis
- DKA
- GERD
3
Q
What main category of drug causes dyspnea?
A
Narcotics
4
Q
What are the pulmonary causes of SOB?
A
- Obstructive lung disease (COPD, asthma and bronchiectasis)
- PE
- ARDS
- Pneumonia, TB, bronchitis (infectious)
- Pleural effusion, pulmonary edema
- Pneumothorax
- Upper airway obstruction, foreign body aspi.
- ILD
- Chest wall abnormalities (kyphoscoliosos)
- Rib fracture
5
Q
What are the psychiactric causes of SOB?
A
- Panic attaks (hyperventilation)
- Somatization
6
Q
What are the causes of bilateral peripheral edema?
A
- Kidney failure or AKI: Nephrotic syndrome
- Liver failure (hypoalbuminemia)
- Heart failure (increased hydrostatic pressure)
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Lymphatics disease
- Chronic venous disease
- V enodilating medications
7
Q
What are the causes of unilateral peripheral edema?
A
- DVT (pain, tenderness, erythema, warmth) –> Wells score
- Chronic venous disease
- Muscle strain/tear/twisting injury to the leg
- Leg swelling in a paralyzed limb
- Lymphangitis/lymph obstruction (see below)
- Lymphedema (chronic)
- Pelvic neoplasm compromising venous return
8
Q
What can cause pulmonary edema?
A
- Cardiac failure
- Kidney failure
9
Q
What is a “blue-bloater”?
A
COPD: Chronic bronchitis
- Over-weight
- Cyanotic
10
Q
What is a “pink-puffer?”
A
- Respiratory distress
- Barrel chest
11
Q
What are Lights Criteria for exudative pleural effusion?
A
-
Protein (pleural) vs protein (serum) > 0.5
or -
LDH (pleural) vs LDH (serum) > 0.6
or - LDH > 2\3 upper limit of normal for serum LDH
12
Q
What are the causes of transudative pleural effusion?
A
- CKD
- Chirrosis
- CHF
- Myxedema
- PE
13
Q
What are the causes of exudative pleural effusion?
A
- Malignancy
- Infection
- Drug (amiodarone)
- PE
14
Q
What are the causes of low DLCO?
A
- Emphysema
- Anemia
- Pulmonary Hypertension
- ILD (fibrosis)
15
Q
What are the pulmonary diseases associated with high DLCO?
A
- Asthma
- Polycythemia
- Intrapulmonary hemorrhage
- Obesity
16
Q
What is the definition of ARDS?
A
- Acute (< 1 week)
- Bilateral infiltrates
- Pulmonary edema not explained by fluid overload or CHF
- Abnormal Pa02 function test
