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TCP-InternalMedicine_ToKnowByHeart > Resp > Flashcards

Resp Flashcards

1
Q

What are the cardiac causes of SOB

A
  • CHF
  • ACS/SA
  • Pericarditis/cardiac tamponade
  • Arrhythmias
  • V alvular disease
  • Congenital heart disease
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2
Q

What are the systemic causes of SOB?

A
  • Severe chronic anemia
  • Sepsis
  • DKA
  • GERD
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3
Q

What main category of drug causes dyspnea?

A

Narcotics

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4
Q

What are the pulmonary causes of SOB?

A
  • Obstructive lung disease (COPD, asthma and bronchiectasis)
  • PE
  • ARDS
  • Pneumonia, TB, bronchitis (infectious)
  • Pleural effusion, pulmonary edema
  • Pneumothorax
  • Upper airway obstruction, foreign body aspi.
  • ILD
  • Chest wall abnormalities (kyphoscoliosos)
  • Rib fracture
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5
Q

What are the psychiactric causes of SOB?

A
  • Panic attaks (hyperventilation)
  • Somatization
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6
Q

What are the causes of bilateral peripheral edema?

A
  • Kidney failure or AKI: Nephrotic syndrome
  • Liver failure (hypoalbuminemia)
  • Heart failure (increased hydrostatic pressure)
  • Pulmonary hypertension
  • Lymphatics disease
  • Chronic venous disease
  • V enodilating medications
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7
Q

What are the causes of unilateral peripheral edema?

A
  • DVT (pain, tenderness, erythema, warmth) –> Wells score
  • Chronic venous disease
  • Muscle strain/tear/twisting injury to the leg
  • Leg swelling in a paralyzed limb
  • Lymphangitis/lymph obstruction (see below)
  • Lymphedema (chronic)
  • Pelvic neoplasm compromising venous return
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8
Q

What can cause pulmonary edema?

A
  • Cardiac failure
  • Kidney failure
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9
Q

What is a “blue-bloater”?

A

COPD: Chronic bronchitis

  • Over-weight
  • Cyanotic
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10
Q

What is a “pink-puffer?”

A
  • Respiratory distress
  • Barrel chest
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11
Q

What are Lights Criteria for exudative pleural effusion?

A
  1. Protein (pleural) vs protein (serum) > 0.5
    or
  2. LDH (pleural) vs LDH (serum) > 0.6
    or
  3. LDH > 2\3 upper limit of normal for serum LDH
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12
Q

What are the causes of transudative pleural effusion?

A
  • CKD
  • Chirrosis
  • CHF
  • Myxedema
  • PE
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13
Q

What are the causes of exudative pleural effusion?

A
  • Malignancy
  • Infection
  • Drug (amiodarone)
  • PE
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14
Q

What are the causes of low DLCO?

A
  • Emphysema
  • Anemia
  • Pulmonary Hypertension
  • ILD (fibrosis)
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15
Q

What are the pulmonary diseases associated with high DLCO?

A
  • Asthma
  • Polycythemia
  • Intrapulmonary hemorrhage
  • Obesity
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16
Q

What is the definition of ARDS?

A
  • Acute (< 1 week)
  • Bilateral infiltrates
  • Pulmonary edema not explained by fluid overload or CHF
  • Abnormal Pa02 function test

TCP-InternalMedicine_ToKnowByHeart (8 decks)

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