Cardio Flashcards
1
Q
What are the signs of left-sided heart failure?
A
- Dyspnea (pulmonary congestion)
- Orthopnea
- Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
- Nocturnal cough
- Cool extremities
- Displaced PMI
- S3, S4
- Crackles/rales
- Dullness if pleural effusion
2
Q
What are the signs of right-sided heart failure?
A
- Peripheral pitting edema
- Nocturia
- Jugular venous distension
- Hepatomegaly
- Hepatojugular reflux positive
- Ascites
- Right ventricular heave
3
Q
What are the cardiac causes of chest pain?
A
- ACS (UA, N-STEMI, STEMI)
- Stable angina
- Pericarditis
- Aortic dissection
4
Q
What are the respiratory causes of chest pain?
A
- PE
- Pneumothorax
- Pleuritic
- Pneumonia
- Status asthmaticus
5
Q
What are the GI causes of chest pain?
A
- GERD
- Difuse esophageal spasm
- PUD
- Esophageal rupture
6
Q
What are the MSK causes of chest pain?
A
- Costochondritis
- Muscle strain
- Rib fracture
7
Q
What are the psychiatric causes of chest pain?
A
- Panic attacks
- Anxiety
- Somatization
8
Q
Name an infectious cause of chest pain
A
Herpes zoster
9
Q
Name a drug cause of chest pain
A
Coco (cocaine)
10
Q
Name 10 characteristics of cardiac pain
A
- Pressure or discomfort
- Not sharp
- Not localized
- Not reproducable by palpation
- Decreases with nitro
- Decreases with rest
- Does not change with position
- Doest not change with inspiration
- May radiate to shoulder, left arm, jaw
- Increased with exertion
11
Q
What are the signs of CHF on a CXR?
A
- Cardiomegaly
- Kerley B ligns
- Interstitial infiltrates
- Blunted costophrenic angle (pleural effusion)
- Cephalization of vessels
12
Q
What marker indicates long-standing heart failure?
A
B-type natriuretic peptide
13
Q
What marker indicates an acute ischemic event?
A
Troponins
14
Q
What is the most common cause of secondary hypertension?
A
Renal failure
15
Q
What makes a diagnosis of infective endocarditis with Duke’s criteria?
A
- 2 major criteria
- 1 major and 3 minot criteria
- 5 minor criteria
