Resp Flashcards
What does mucus in respiratory epithelium do
Prevent dehydration of the epithelium
Trapped particles from inspired air
What are the swell bodies, where are they located and what are their significance
They are a thin plexus of blood vessels under the epithelium in the nose
They warm and humidify inspired air
They easily burst an cause nose bleeds
Where do each of the nasal sinuses drain into
Ethmoid drains into the upper turbinate
Maxillary drains into the middle turbinate
Frontal drains into the anterior aspect of the roof of the nasal cavity
Sphenoid drains into the posterior aspect of the roof of the nasal cavity
What is the olfactory epithelium and where is located
It is adapted for detection of odours and located in below the cribiform plate in the roof of the nasal cavity
The unmyelinated
What do the serous glands of Bowman and where are they found
They are found deep to the olfactory epithelium
They produce watery secretions that act as solvent for odorous substance
They irrigate the surface of the epithelium and refresh the olfactory epithelium
What is the difference between cilia and stereocilia
Stereocilia are immobile
What is the epithelium of the vocal cords
Stratified squamous epithelium
What is the epithelium of the larynx
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells (respiratory epithelium)
How many rings of cartilage hold open the trachea
12 - 15 C shaped rings
Which muscles lies at the back of the C shaped rings of the trachea
Trachealis muscle - it is smooth muscle
What kind of lymph nodes are found in the bronchi and how do they differ from normal lymph nodes
Part of the MALT (mucosa associated lymph tissue)
Normal lymph nodes are in a discrete encapsulated collection of lymphoid tissue
MALT are less discrete, do not have a capsule and are in mucosa
Difference between histology of the bronchi and the bronchioles
Bronchi contain hyaline cartilage
Bronchioles have no cartilage but a thick band of smooth muscle
Give some characteristics of the terminal bronchioles
They end the conducting part of the airways
Have simple cuboidal epithelium
Have clara cells
Lack cilia
Give some characteristics of the respiratory epithelium
They have simple cuboidal epithelium (form an acinus)
Non- ciliated
Are the terminal bronchiole bigger than respiratory epithelium
The respiratory epithelium is bigger than the terminal bronchioles
What do the type 2 pnuemocytes do
They synthesise store and secrete surfactant over the lining of the air sacs and facilitate inflation of the air sacs during inspiration
surfactant reduces surface tension and prevents desication
They are also stem cells from which Type 1 pnuemocyte come from
Length of air-blood barrier
Usually between 0.2 to 0.6um (same as 200 to 600nm)
If it is more than 1.2um then diffusion is seriously impaired
Which type of collagen lies in the walls of the alveoli
Reticulin (collagen 3)
What happens to particle- carrying alveolar macrophages, particle- carrying fixed septal macrophages and macrophages with large indigestible matter
Particle-carrying alveolar macrophages - enter respiratory and terminal bronchioles and into the musco-cilliary escalator
Particle-carrying fixed septal macrophages - remain in interstitium of lungs and enter lymphatics
Macrophages with large indigestible - macrophages fuse together to form giant cells, might induce granuloma formation
Give the layers of the blood- air barrier
Type 1 pnuemocytes
Basement membrane
Capillary endothelium
Give the nerve supply to the frontal sinus
The ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve
Give the structures lining the outline of the maxillary sinus
Roof - floor of the orbit
Apex - zygomatic process of the maxill
Base - lateral wall of the nose
Floor - alveolar process near the teeth
Give the nerve innervating the maxillary sinus
The maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve
Where does the maxillary sinus drain into
Through the hiatus semilunaris into the middle meatus