Anatomy Flashcards
Scalpel system used to put on dissection blades
Swann Morton system
Can the first rib be felt in the living?
No because it is behind the clavicle and the pectoralis major muscle
Where is the sternal angle and what structures can we gauge from it
The sternal angle (also called the Angle of Louis) is between the manubrium of the sternum and the body of the sternum
It is connected to the second costal cartilage of the ribs
Where is the lower coastal margin and what does it seperate
The lower coastal margin seperates the thorax and the abdomen, it is the bony ridge of the bottom of the ribs
Where would the midclavicular line pass through (think of in a male)
It would be half way between the acriomioclaviocular joint and the sternoclavicular joint, going down (through the nipple for men), and passing in between the superior iliac spine and the pubic tubercle
Give 5 lines (running from head to toe) used to describe the body
Midline
Mid-clavicular line
Anterior axillary line (from the anterior axillary fold)
Mid-axillary line
Posterior axillary line (from the posterior axillary fold)
Give the origin, insertion, innervation and function of pectoralis major
Origin = medial half of the clavicle, sternum and 7 costal cartilages Insertion = intertubercular sulcus of the humerus Innervation = medial and lateral pectoral nerves Function = adduction, medial rotation and flexion of the humerus at the shoulder joint
Give the origin, insertion, innervation and function of pectoralis minor
Origin = 3rd, 4th and 5th rib anterior surface Insertion = coracoid process of the scapula Innervation = medial pectoral nerves Function = depresses the tip of the shoulder and protracts the scapula
Give the origin, insertion, innervation and function of serratus anterior muscle
Origin = Ribs 1 to 8 (or 9) Insertion = medial border of the scapula Innervation = long thoracic nerve (C5, C6 and C7) Function = pulls the scapula forwards on the thoracic wall, protraction and rotation of the scapula
Give the origin, insertion, innervation and function of external oblique muscle
Origin = lower surface of ribs 5 to 12 Insertion = aponeurosis ending in midline (linea alba) and lateral ip of iliac crest Innervation = anterior rami to T7 to T12 Function = compresses abdominal contents, turns anterior part of the abdomen to opposite side
Give the origin, insertion, innervation and function of deltoid muscle
Origin = anterior border of the lateral 1/3 of the clavicle, inferior edge of the crest of the spine of the scapula
Insertion = deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
Innervation = axillary nerve (C5, C6)
Function =abductor of the arm (beyond 15 degrees done by supraspinatus)
Where does the cephalic vein lie and what is its clinical significance
In the groove between the deltoid muscle and the pectoralis major muscle, this is the delto-pectoral groove (it is lateral to the pectoralis major muscle)
It is used clinically for vascular access and is the main vein that drains the superficial part of the upper limb
It is also important for inserting wires and catheters into the heart
Give the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the external intercoastal muscle
Origin = inferior margin of rib above Insertion = superior margin of rib below Innervation = intercoastal nerves T1-T11 Function = moves ribs superiorly, most active during inspiration
It becomes the anterior intercoastal membrane when it covers the coastal cartilages, so we can directly see the internal intercoastal muscles
Give the origin, insertion, innervation and function of internal intercoastal muscle
Origin = lateral edge of costal groove of rib above Insertion = superior margin of the rib below deep to insertion of external intercoastal muscle Innervation = intercostal nerves T1 - T11 Function = active during expiration, moves the ribs inferiorly
Where does the neurovascular bundle supplying the chest wall lie
Below each rib, deep to the internal intercoastal muscle
Give the origin, insertion, innervation and function of innermost intercostal muscle
Origin = medial edge of costal groove of rib above Insertion = superior margin of rib below Innervation = intercoastal nerves T1 - T11 Function = acts with the internal intercoastal muscles
How far down does the lungs and the pleura extends (give the rib markings)
Anteriorly = lungs 6th rib, pleura 8th rib
Mid-axillary line = lungs 8th rib, pleura 10th rib
Posteriorly = lungs 10th rib, pleura 12th rib
Explain where the oblique and horizontal fissures are on the lungs
Anteriorly = oblique 4th costal, horizontal 4th costal cartilage Laterally = oblique , horizontal Posteriorly = oblique , horizontal
Where is the only place the lung is connected to the body
The hilium of the lungs
Where are the internal thoracic vessels located? And what is their use and clinical significance
The internal thoracic arteries are located on the deep surface of the anterior wall of the thorax, they come of the subclavian artery and connect to the external iliac artery in the groin
They supply the medial part of the breast
Their clinical significance is that they are not prone to atherosclerosis and lie close to the left anterior descending artery. The left internal thoracic artery (also called the left internal mammary artery LIMA) is used in cardiac bypass
The internal thoracic vessels supply the abdomen wall and the diaphragm as a well
What structures can be found in the hilium of the lungs
2 pulmonary veins
1 pulmonary artery
1 bronchus (has cartilaginous rings)
Bronchial arteries (which supply the trachea, bronchus and bronchial tree)
Lymphatics
Branches of the vagus nerve and sympathetic chain
Give the differences between the right and left lung
The right lung
Has a horizontal fissure and an oblique fissure
Has a little cardiac impression
The left lung Has only an oblique fissure It has an aortic impression It has a big cardiac impression It has a lingula
Describe the lymph drainage of the breast and how this is relevant to breast cancer
Lymph drainage of the breast medial to the nipple passes through the intercostal space and drains into the internal thoracic (mammary) lymph nodes in the thorax
Lymph drainage of the breast lateral to the nipple drain into the lymph nodes in the axilla
How would you find where to listen to the heart valves using a stethoscope
Start at the suprasternal notch (also called sternal notch) and feel down to the sternal angle (also called the Angle of Louis). The sternal angle is connected to the second costal cartilage, from there feel the space under which is the second intercostal space
The pulmonary valve = left sternal margin at 2nd intercostal space
The aortic valve = right sternal margin at 2nd intercostal space
The mitral valve = left midclavicular line at 5th intercostal space
The tricuspid valve = right sternal margin at the 5th intercostal space